Ch 11 (test 2)

Question 1

analgesics

Answer 1

medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

Question 2

Breakthrough pain

Answer 2

pain that occurs between doses of pain medication

Question 3

narcotics

Answer 3

very strong pain relievers capable of producing addiction: given to provide analgesia.

Question 4

nonopioid analgesics

Answer 4

analgesics that are not classified as opioids

Question 5

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 5

a large chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity but are not steroids.

Question 6

opioid analgesics

Answer 6

synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain but are not themselves derived from the opium plant.

Question 7

opioid naive

Answer 7

describes patients who are receiving opioid analgesics for the first time and who therefore are not accustomed to their effects

Question 8

opioid tolerance

Answer 8

a normal physiologic condition that results from long-term opioid use, in which larger doses of opioids are required to maintain the same level of analgesia.

Question 9

MU

Answer 9

block pain, expect respiratory depression, euphoria, and sedation.

Question 10

Kappa

Answer 10

expect some analgesia, MORE SEDATION, euphoria, and pupil dilation.

Question 11

Sigma

Answer 11

expect some analgesia, DYSPHORIA, and psychosis.

Question 12

Codeine Sulfate

Answer 12

1. schedule II
2. antitussive: cough supressor
3. when combined with acetaminophen schedule III.
4. from opium
5. ceiling effect

Question 13

Duragesic, fentanyl

Answer 13

1. transdermal patch
2. 72 hours to 1 wk
3. for chronic/cancer pain
4. opioid

Question 14

Demerol, meperidine

Answer 14

1. synthetic narcotic
2. metabolized to a TOXIC metabolite with long half life.
3. increased risk of seizures with prolonged use (>3 days)
4. 50-100 mg IM; PCA 10mg/10min.
5. not for elderly or pt with renal dysfunction

Question 15

Dolophine, methadone hydrochloride

Answer 15

1. used for narcotic addiction detox (long half life).
2. 40-120mg po daily for narcotic maintenance.
3. No high or euphoria

Question 16

Morphine Sulfate

Answer 16

1. comparison drug
2. constipating
3. ABUSE
4. pulmonary edema; decreases dyspnea and treats L ventricular failure by dec workload
5. PCA 1 mg/10min
6. not used with renal insufficiency d/t toxic metabolites.

Question 17

OxyContin, oxycodone hydrochloride

Answer 17

1. continuous relief every 12 hr po
2. synthetic related to morphine
3. moderate to severe pain
4. drug abuse

Question 18

Oxycontin + acetaminophen

Answer 18

Percocet

Question 19

Oxycontin + aspirin

Answer 19

Percodan

Question 20

Contraindications for narcotic analgesic use

Answer 20

1. allergy

2. asthma

Question 21

Side effects of narcotic

Answer 21

1. CNS; euphoria and halucination sedation, confusion, diziness, ADDICTION.
2. Respiratory; RESP DEPRESSION,
3. GI: N&V, constipation
4. GU; urinary retention
5. cardiac; orthostatic hypotension, flushing face, palpitations, (apnea can produce cardiac arrest)

Question 22

Narcan, naloxone

Answer 22

1. antidote for narcotics
2. IVP repeated every 2-3 min.
3. pt will experience pain
4. works by competing with narcotic for receptor site.

Question 23

MS contin

Answer 23

sustained release morphine tablet used for CHRONIC severe pain.

Question 24

Duragesic is the name brand

Answer 24

fentanyl is the generic name

Question 25

Demerol is the name brand

Answer 25

meperidine is the generic name

Question 26

Dolophine is the name brand

Answer 26

methadone hydrochloride is the generic name

Question 27

OxyContin is the brand name

Answer 27

oxycodone hydrochloride is the generic name

Question 28

Dependency time frame

Answer 28

physical occurs within 2 wks | psychological takes even longer

Question 29

prevent constipation with

Answer 29

increased fluids | high fiber

Question 30

opioid overdose triad

Answer 30

1. coma 2. respiritory depression 3. dilated pupils

Question 31

Narcotic agonist-antagonist

Answer 31

1. stim some receptors while blocking others 2. less abuse no euphoria 3. increased risk of anxiety, restlessness, confusion, psychotic episodes. 4. short term control of mod to sever pain 5. n&V, constipation dizziness hallucinations

Question 32

Stadol

Answer 32

1. Narcotic agonist-antagonist 2. given by IM, IV or nasal spray. 3. pre-op sedation/ migraine head aches

Question 33

Nubain

Answer 33

1. Narcotic agonist-antagonist | 2. given for labor and delivery

Question 34

Talwin

Answer 34

1. Narcotic agonist-antagonist | 2. oral analgesia

Question 35

Opioid antagonists

Answer 35

1. compete with opioid drugs for CNS receptor sites. | 2. used in cases of opioid overdose

Question 36

Trexan

Answer 36

1. used to maintain opioid-free status in former addicts. 2. used to treat alcoholism 3. contraindicated in pts with liver disease.

Question 37

Tylenol is the brand name

Answer 37

acetaminophen is the generic name

Question 38

Tylenol, acetaminophen

Answer 38

1. blocks peripheral pain impulse by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. 2. route is PO or PR 3. safest drug in use aside from aspirin 4. onset; 10-20, peak in .5-2 hr, duration 3-4. 5. half life is 1-4 hrs. 6. CHO slows abs.

Question 39

contraindications for aspirin use

Answer 39

1. Gi bleed (irritates gastric mucosa) 2. Children (Reyes disease) 3. Allergies: tartrazine yellow #5 4. Anemia, renal or liver disease.

Question 40

Overdose mgmt of Tylenol

Answer 40

1. Renal damage occurs with overuse 2. max dose is 4,000 mg/day 3. use of alcohol with Tylenol is dangerous 4. liver toxicity occurs with overdose

Question 41

Mucomyst is the name brand

Answer 41

acetylcysteine is the generic name

Question 42

Mucomyst, acetylcysteine

Answer 42

1. antidote for Tylenol overdose. 2. prevents hepatotoxic metabolite formation 3. given within 10 hrs. 4. PO every 4 hrs 18 times.

Question 43

Advil/Motrin are the brand names

Answer 43

ibuprofen is the generic name

Question 44

Advil, Motrin, ibuprofen

Answer 44

OTC NSAID

Question 45

Aspirin is the brand name

Answer 45

Asa a is the generic name

Question 46

Aspirin, salicylate (ASA)

Answer 46

1. OTC NSAID 2. Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to inhibit peripheral nerve impulse 3. ceiling effect 4. anti-platelet effect (prevents blood clot)

Question 47

Ultram is the name brand

Answer 47

tramadol is the generic name

Question 48

Ultram, tramadol

Answer 48

1. perscription NSAID for Mod to sever pain 2. similar SE to narcotics 3. PO q 6 hours 4. not for elderly