Ch 3 Carbon atoms

Question 1

What are the three main properties of carbon that are important in forming organic molecules?

Answer 1

• Carbon can form multiple covalent bonds with other atoms.
• Carbon bonds are stable across a broad range of temperatures.
• Carbon can form both polar and nonpolar bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following atoms formpolarcovalent bonds with carbon?

Answer 2

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Question 3

What are functional groups?

Answer 3

Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical features and properties

Question 4

Water is a reactant when a macromolecule is broken down in a ______ reaction, and water is a product when a macromolecule is formed in a ______ reaction.

Answer 4

hydrolysis, dehydration

Question 5

The three chemical elements that are found in all carbohydrates are

Answer 5

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 6

Which of these atoms can formnonpolarcovalent bonds with carbon?

Answer 6

Hydrogen

Carbon

Question 7

Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical features and properties are called

Answer 7

functional groups

Question 8

Arrange these carbohydrates in order of increasing size. Start with the smallest at the top of the list, and end with the largest at the bottom

Answer 8

• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide

Question 9

the process by which monomers combine to form polymers is called a(n) _____ reaction, whereas the reversible process by which a polymer is broken down into monomers called a(n) ____ reaction

Answer 9

dehydration, hydrolysis

Question 10

Which of the following are common monosaccharides found in nature?

Answer 10

glucose, galactose and fructose

Question 11

Which of the following accurately describes the function of cellulose, starch, and glycogen in cells?

Answer 11

Cellulose is used for structural purposes while starch and glycogen are used for energy storage.

Question 12

Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed in the presence of water. What is the product of this reaction?

Answer 12

Monosaccharides

Question 13

Function: Fats

Answer 13

stored energy

Question 14

Function: Phospholipids

Answer 14

plasma membranes structure

Question 15

Function: Steroids

Answer 15

Form hormones important in reproduction

Question 16

Function: Waxes

Answer 16

Creates a barrier to water loss

Question 17

A chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group at one end is called a___

Answer 17

fatty acid

Question 18

cellulose

Answer 18

cell wall of plants

Question 19

starch

Answer 19

energy storage in plants

Question 20

glycogen

Answer 20

energy storage in animals

Question 21

Chitin

Answer 21

exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans and cell wall of fungi

Question 22

Glycosaminoglycan

Answer 22

Extracellular matrix and cartilage of animals

Question 23

what type of chemical reaction can break down a polysaccharide into monosaccharides?

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

Which type of fatty acid has at least one C=C double bond?

Answer 24

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 25

Triglyceride

Answer 25

Glycerol linked to three fatty acids

Question 26

How does the presence of a double bond influence the shape of a fatty acid

Answer 26

• Double bonds between carbon molecules introduce kinks in the otherwise linear structure of fatty acids.

Question 27

Which of the following accurately describes the function of cellulose, starch, and glycogen in cells?

Answer 27

Cellulose is used for structural purposes while starch and glycogen are used for energy storage.

Question 28

A(n) fatty acid contains one or more C=C double bonds.

Answer 28

unsaturated

Question 29

A(n) fatty acid contains no C=C double bonds.

Answer 29

saturated

Question 30

What type of lipid is composed of a molecule of glycerol attached to one phosphate group and two fatty acids?

Answer 30

Phospholipid