Ch 3 Carbon atoms Flashcards
What are the three main properties of carbon that are important in forming organic molecules?
- Carbon can form multiple covalent bonds with other atoms.
- Carbon bonds are stable across a broad range of temperatures.
- Carbon can form both polar and nonpolar bonds.
Which of the following atoms formpolarcovalent bonds with carbon?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What are functional groups?
Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical features and properties
Water is a reactant when a macromolecule is broken down in a ______ reaction, and water is a product when a macromolecule is formed in a ______ reaction.
hydrolysis, dehydration
The three chemical elements that are found in all carbohydrates are
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Which of these atoms can formnonpolarcovalent bonds with carbon?
Hydrogen
Carbon
Groups of atoms with characteristic chemical features and properties are called
functional groups
Arrange these carbohydrates in order of increasing size. Start with the smallest at the top of the list, and end with the largest at the bottom
- Monosaccharide
- Disaccharide
- Polysaccharide
the process by which monomers combine to form polymers is called a(n) _____ reaction, whereas the reversible process by which a polymer is broken down into monomers called a(n) ____ reaction
dehydration, hydrolysis
Which of the following are common monosaccharides found in nature?
glucose, galactose and fructose
Which of the following accurately describes the function of cellulose, starch, and glycogen in cells?
Cellulose is used for structural purposes while starch and glycogen are used for energy storage.
Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed in the presence of water. What is the product of this reaction?
Monosaccharides
Function: Fats
stored energy
Function: Phospholipids
plasma membranes structure
Function: Steroids
Form hormones important in reproduction
Function: Waxes
Creates a barrier to water loss
A chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group at one end is called a___
fatty acid
cellulose
cell wall of plants
starch
energy storage in plants
glycogen
energy storage in animals
Chitin
exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans and cell wall of fungi
Glycosaminoglycan
Extracellular matrix and cartilage of animals
what type of chemical reaction can break down a polysaccharide into monosaccharides?
Hydrolysis
Which type of fatty acid has at least one C=C double bond?
Unsaturated fatty acid
Triglyceride
Glycerol linked to three fatty acids
How does the presence of a double bond influence the shape of a fatty acid
- Double bonds between carbon molecules introduce kinks in the otherwise linear structure of fatty acids.
Which of the following accurately describes the function of cellulose, starch, and glycogen in cells?
Cellulose is used for structural purposes while starch and glycogen are used for energy storage.
A(n) fatty acid contains one or more C=C double bonds.
unsaturated
A(n) fatty acid contains no C=C double bonds.
saturated
What type of lipid is composed of a molecule of glycerol attached to one phosphate group and two fatty acids?
Phospholipid
