Ch 14 Flashcards
The reproduction of cells is also known as ___
cell division
Which of the following terms refers to a series of events that ensures cell division occurs?
Cell cycle
Before a cell can undergo cell division, the chromosomes have to be
compacted
A reveals the number, size, and form of chromosomes found in actively dividing cells.
karyotype
Identify the chromosomes that consist of two slightly different copies of the same chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes
Cell division refers to the ____ of cells.
reproduction
In preparation for cell division, the chromosomes are replicated and compacted into ________ ________.
sister chromatids
In eukaryotes, chromosomes occur in each of which is composed of several different types of chromosomes.
sets
When a cell prepares to divide, the chromosomes become more tightly compacted. This process decreases the apparent length of the chromosomes and increases their
diameter
In humans, what chromosomes determine the sex of the individual?
X and Y chromosomes
What does a karyotype reveal about chromosomes found in actively dividing cells?
number
centromere position
size
chromatids are two identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere, whereas homologous chromosomes are the two different copies of the same chromosome.
sister
In humans, there are ___ different types of autosomes.
22
Which of the following correctly describes how eukaryotic chromosomes are prepared for cell division?
The chromosomes are replicated and compacted into sister chromatids
Which of the following correctly describes how eukaryotic chromosomes are prepared for cell division?
The chromosomes are replicated and compacted into sister chromatids
How many sets of chromosomes do the cells of many eukaryotic species have?
Two
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosome sets is true?
A set is composed of several different types of chromosomes
In humans, the X and Y chromosomes are called the
sex chromosomes
True or false: In sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to the offspring.
true
What statement is true of eukaryotic chromosomes?
eukaryotic
How many different types of autosomes do humans have?
22
Humans have a total of chromosomes.
46
In diploid eukaryotic organisms, most cells contain __ sets of chromosomes.
2
In eukaryotes, chromosomes occur in , each of which is composed of several different types of chromosomes.
sets
Which of the statements below are true for chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?
- Diploid cells have a maternal homologue and a paternal homologue.
- Diploid cells have two versions of each chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes contain corresponding DNA sequences that are:
similar
In ______ cells, eukaryotic chromosomes occur in ______.
diploid; homologous pairs
How many chromosomes are in a human cell?
46
Match the stages of the cell cycle to the correct cell activity:
- G1: A cell grows and becomes committed to divide
- S: Chromosomes are replicated
- G2: A cell makes proteins for chromosome sorting and cell division
- M: A cell divides into two daughter cells
A diploid organism contains
two sets of chromosomes.
In a cell’s life, cell growth occurs primarily during what phase?
G1
he DNA sequences on chromosomes are very similar but not identical.
Homologous
Chromosome replication occurs in the
S
Cells produce proteins that are necessary for chromosome sorting and cell division during what phase of the cell cycle?
G2
Put the events of the cell cycle into chronological order. Begin at the top with the events of the G1 phase.
Instructions
mitosis
Mitosis is usually followed by cytokinesis, which is
the division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells.
What are the main proteins responsible for advancing a cell through the phases of the cell cycle?
Cyclins
Cyclin-dependent kinases
During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated?
S phase
In order to be active, cdks must bind to proteins called
cyclins
In the G2 phase, the cell synthesizes _____ needed for chromosome sorting and cell division.
proteins
In order to determine if a cell is in the proper conditions to divide, a cell employs ______ critical regulatory points called checkpoints.
3
The M phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle consists of two parts. The first part, in which the chromosomes are divided equally between two daughter nuclei, is called
mitosis
The proteins that control the various specific stages in the cell cycle are called which of the following?
Checkpoint proteins
In most cases, mitosis is followed by , which is the division of the cytoplasm to produce two distinct daughter cells.
cytokinesis
