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AP European History > Ch 29: Challenging the Postwar Order > Flashcards

Ch 29: Challenging the Postwar Order Flashcards

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1
Q

in the mid to late 1960’s much of western Europe moved politically to the ______

A

left

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2
Q

Became the first social democratic West German Chancellor

A

Will Brandt

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3
Q

What countries were exceptions to the leftist movement of western Europe?

A

France, Spain, Portugal, Greece

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4
Q

How did the leftist shift affect the Cold War?

A

It caused a gradual relaxation of cold war tensions, western leaders took huge steps to normalize relations with the east bloc

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5
Q

What western leader took the lead normalizing relations with the East Bloc?

A

Willy Brandt

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6
Q

West Germany’s attempt in the 1970’s to ease diplomatic tensions with East Germany, exemplifying the policies of detente

A

Ostpolitik

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7
Q

What countries did Brandt make treaties with, accepting their existing state boundaries as they were, in return for a mutual renunciation of force or threat of force?

A

SU, Czechoslovakia, Poland

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8
Q

The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions that emerged in the early 1970’s

A

Detente

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9
Q

when the US, Canada, and all European Nations agreed that Europe’s existing political frontiers could not be changed by force

A

Helsinki Accords

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10
Q

European spending on healthy, education, and benefits ___________

A

increased

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11
Q

What exemplified the limits of the growing prosperity?

A
  • Living standards of workers and immigrants didn’t rise as fast
  • Expanding economy did not always reach developing regions
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12
Q

What was the most noticeable leisure time development?

A

Travel and tourism

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13
Q

With the rise of consumer society, church attendance _________ significantly

A

declined

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14
Q

A meeting of catholic leaders that initiated a number of reforms, including replacement of latin with local languages in church services, designed to democratize the church and renew its appeal

A

Second Vatican Council

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15
Q

Family ties _________ in the age of affluence

A

weakened

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16
Q

Movement that challenge the growing conformity that seemed to be an inherent part of consumer society and the unequal distribution of wealth

A

Counterculture movement

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17
Q

Who led the culture counter movement?

A

Baby Boomers

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18
Q

A 1960’s counterculture movement that embraced updated forms o Marxism to challenge both Western capitalism and Soviet Style Communism

A

New Left

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19
Q

in the 60’s, _____ and daily life merged

A

politics

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20
Q

the 60’s was characterized by a new openness about _______

A

sexuality

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21
Q

What war was the growth of the counterculture movement linked to?

A

Vietnam

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22
Q

Eisenhower refused to sign these accords that would temporarily divide Vietnam into two states

A

Geneva Accords

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23
Q

Initial support for the America’s involvement in vietnams was ________

A

Strong

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24
Q

Who led the anti war demonstrations in America?

A

College students

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25
Q

Nixon’s plan to give the South responsibility for the war and reduce american presence

A

Vietnamization

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26
Q

French conflict between college students and police during the protests of 1968, triggered a national revolt

A

May Events

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27
Q

How did the French government get “May Event” strikers to return to work

A

promised work place reforms

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28
Q

East bloc economies ___________ the West

A

lagged behind

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29
Q

How did communist nations attempt to fix the economic situation in the East Bloc?

A

cautious decentralization and limited market policies

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30
Q

Most successful financial reform in East Bloc, broke up monopolies, allowed some private retail, encouraged private agriculture. Hungary

A

New Economic Mechanism

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31
Q

East Bloc countries also cautiously began to grant __________ freedoms

A

cultural

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32
Q

What was the soviets new attitude towards intellectuals?

A

They encouraged them to take a more critical view of life in East Bloc without directly opposing communism

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33
Q

book that directly criticized communism and had to be published in secret and sold underground

A

samizdat

34
Q

In which Czechoslovakia elected a new more liberal communist leader, Alexander Dubček

A

Prague Spring

35
Q

What did Alexander Dubček call for?

A
  • socialism with a human face
  • relaxed state censorhip
  • more freedoms
36
Q

How did Soviet Leaders react to the reform program in Czechoslovakia?

A

They sent troops in, the leaders of reform peacefully resigned, and reform was abandoned

37
Q

Doctrine created by Leonid Brezhnev that held that the SU had the right to intervene in any East Bloc country when necessary to preserve communist rule

A

Brezhnev Doctrine

38
Q

starting in the 1970s the west entered a long period of economic ________

A

decline

39
Q

What were the reasons for the economic decline?

A
  • Collapse of international monetary system

- reversal in price and availability of energy

40
Q

In which Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied more of Palestine

A

Six Day War

41
Q

Arab led, OPEC, presented a united front against western oil companies

A

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

42
Q

Why did OPEC declare an embargo on oil shipments to the US?

A

US gave aid to Israel in fourth Arab-Israeli War

43
Q

As a result of the oil shock, living standards __________

A

decreased

44
Q

Term coined in the early 1980’s to describe the combination of low growth and high inflation that led to a worldwide recession

A

stagflation

45
Q

What sparked the second oil shock?

A

Islamist revolution overthrew the Shah of Iran, oil production in Iran collapses

46
Q

Regardless of the economy, the __________ continued to attract new members. Britain finally joined

A

Common Market

47
Q

the global economic downturn _________ the gap between rich and poor countries

A

widened

48
Q

What shifted manufacturing jobs away from highly industrialized western countries?

A

new asian technology industry

49
Q

A society that relies on high tech and service oriented jobs for economic growth rather than heavy industry and manufacturing jobs, West begins to shift to this

A

Postindustrial Society

50
Q

Why did government spending continue to rise in Europe through the economic crises?

A

Governments were still spending money on social programs

51
Q

What was the negative of this social programs?

A

Since people didn’t want to pay taxes for them, government spending caused large deficits

52
Q

In which leaders move to cut government spending and regulation in attempts to improve economic performance

A

the New Conservatism

53
Q

philosophy of conservatives who argues for privatization of state-run industries and decreased government spending on social services

A

neoliberalism

54
Q

US economist and neoliberalist

A

Milton Friedman

55
Q

Neoliberal policy; the sale of state managed industries to private owners

A

privatization

56
Q

Prime Minister of Great Britain elected in 1979, determined to scale back the role of government, cut spending on health care, education, and public housing

A

Margaret Thatcher

57
Q

What was the effects of Thatchers policies?

A
  • shut down of heavy industry
  • doubled unemployment
  • increased gap between rich and poor
  • strikes
58
Q

West Germany also moved to the _______

A

right

59
Q

New Christian Democrat West German Chancellor

A

Helmut Kohl

60
Q

What was the result of Kohls conservatism?

A

Economic Growth

61
Q

Beauvoir’s book that argued that women had almost always been trapped by inflexible and limiting conditions

A

The Second Sex

62
Q

Rachel Carson’s book, told of a future where the world was destroyed by pesticides

A

Silent Spring

63
Q

Party founded in West Germany by environmentalists, met with astounding success

A

Green party

64
Q

The 70s also saw the rise of determined ________ moments in Europe

A

separatists

65
Q

Parliamentary Organization in Northern Ireland that wanted to unite six of its counties controlled by Britain with Ireland

A

IRA (Irish Republican Army)

66
Q

In which a british soldier shot and killed thirteen demonstrators protesting anti catholic discrimination

A

Bloody Sunday

67
Q

Founder of the French National Front, opposed european integration and called for a return to traditional national customs

A

Jean Marie Le-Pen

68
Q

by the 70s, many of the goals of communism had been _______

A

achieved

69
Q

Term used by communist leaders to describe the socialist accomplishments of their societies

A

developed socialism

70
Q

East Bloc living standards were ________ those of the west

A

below

71
Q

What were reasons that caused public dissatisfaction in the East Bloc?

A
  • Hit hard by energy crises
  • refused to cut spending on the welfare state
  • best career and education reserved for party members
72
Q

Manifesto signed by small group of Czechoslovakian citizens that criticized the government for ignoring the human rights provision of the Helsinki Accords

A

Charter 77

73
Q

Who was the polish miracle who electrified the nation?

A

Pope John Paul II

74
Q

independent Polish trade union that worked for workers rights and political reform through the 80s, led by Lech Waleska

A

Solidarity

75
Q

hope for detente _______ in the late 70s

A

faded

76
Q

Who succeeded Brezhnev?

A

Yuri Andropov

77
Q

who succeeded Andropov?

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

78
Q

What did Gorbachev conclude needed to be done to get better living conditions in Russia?

A

Have a better relationship with the West

79
Q

Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Gorbachev in the SU, more independence for state enterprises, easing on gov price controls, not very successful

A

perestroika

80
Q

Gorbachev’s popular campaign for openness in government and media, much more successful

A

Glasnost

81
Q

Another element of Gorbachev’s reforms was ___________ with the first free elections in the SU

A

Democratization

82
Q

The term given to the relatively peaceful overthrow of communism in Czechoslovakia and the East bloc in general

A

Velvet Revolution

AP European History (16 decks)

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