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AP European History > Ch 12: The Renaissance > Flashcards

Ch 12: The Renaissance Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

_______________ paved a path for the Renaissance

A

Economic growth

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2
Q

Support/financial aid of an artist by a group, city, or person

A

Patronage

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3
Q

Italian city where the Renaissance began

A

Florence

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4
Q

How did Florence become wealthy?

A

Trade

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5
Q

Why did the wealth of Italian cities spark the Renaissance?

A

More wealth meant more money to invest in luxuries like art

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6
Q

Associates of free men who began to seek political, and economic independence from local nobles

A

Communes

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7
Q

North Italian nobles and __________ formed a powerful oligarchy

A

Merchants

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8
Q

Term for the common people of Italy

A

Popolo

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9
Q

Military leaders called in by merchant oligarchies

A

Condottieri

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10
Q

System where one man rules a city and passed on rule to his son

A

Signori

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11
Q

Lavish households where signori and oligarchs lived and conducted business, displayed wealth, and supported the arts

A

Courts

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12
Q

What five powers dominated Italy and competed for territory?

A

Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and Naples

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13
Q

Although Venice was a republic in name it was actually ran by an ____________ of merchants

A

Oligarchy

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14
Q

Milan was ruled harshly by which signori family?

A

Sforza family

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15
Q

Florence was run by what infamous and powerful family?

A

Medici

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16
Q

Florence became the _____________ ruled by the Medici’s

A

Grand duchy of Tuscanny

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17
Q

Most ______ came from powerful families and were chosen for political skills rather than piety

A

Popes

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18
Q

Who was the first Spanish pope? He re asserted papal authority in papal lands

A

Pope Alexander VI

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19
Q

The son of pope Alexander who aided him ruthlessly

A

Cesare Borgia

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20
Q

One of the greatest political achievements of the era was modern __________

A

Diplomacy

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21
Q

Florence and Naples agreed to acquire the _________territories

A

Milanese

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22
Q

Who did Milan ask for support against Florence and Naples? He invaded Italy

A

French King Charles VIII

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23
Q

Who predicted that God would punish Italy for its vice and corruption?

A

Girolamo Savanorala

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24
Q

Florentines interpreted the French invasion as a fulfillment of savanarolas prophecy and expelled the ___________ dynasty

A

Medici

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25
Who became leader after the Medici's where expelled? He promised great glory if people would reform their ways
Savanorola
26
Savanorola passed laws against what?
Same sex relationships, drunkenness
27
Huge fires burning objects of vanity, organized by Savanorala
Bonfires of vanity
28
What happened to Savanoralo?
People grew tired of his moral ways and was tortured, excommunicated, and burned
29
Who ruled after savanarola?
Medici
30
Who was the father of humanism?
Francesco Petrach
31
Humanists believed that the glory of Rome was brightest in the works of ________, who supported a return back to a republican government
Cicero
32
Lectured people synthesizing Christian and humanist ideas
Marsilio Ficini
33
Ficinis teachings regarding Christianity and humanism
Platonic academy
34
Being able to shape the world according to ones own will
Virtu
35
The most influential book on education, manual for how to increase social standing
The courtier
36
Who wrote the courtier?
Baldassare Castiglione
37
Idea that educated men should be active in politics
Civic humanism
38
Niccolo Machiavelli was tortured and arrested in suspicion of plotting against who?
The Medici's
39
Machiavelli's book in which he argued the purpose of a ruler was to preserve peace and order by any means necessary
The prince
40
Who did Machiavelli use as an example in his writing?
Cesare Borgia
41
English humanist best known for utopia
Thomas Moore
42
Dutch humanist who called for the Renaissance early church ideals by studying antiquity and the bible
Desiderius Erasmus
43
Who came up with the printing press?
Johann Gutenberg
44
Who build the dome on the cathedral in Florence?
Filipo Brunelleschi
45
Who designed the bronze doors for the baptistery in Florence?
Lorenzo Ghiberti
46
Who commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of Vaticans Sistine chapel?
Pope Julius II
47
What artist led the way in the use of realism?
Giotto
48
What two artists pioneered the idea of visual perspective?
Pierro Della Francesca, and Andrea Mentegna
49
Sculptor who revived the classical figure by using balance
Donatello
50
Art in Northern Europe was more________ than Italian art
Religious
51
One of the earliest painters to use oil based paints, had a realistic style and paid attention to human personality
Jan Van Eyck
52
Famous for his detailed wood cuts
Albrecht Durer
53
In the early sixteenth century the center of art shifted from Florence to __________
Rome
54
Most sought after artist in Europe, famous for his frescoes
Raphael
55
Painter who developed the technique of painting without drawing first
Titian
56
Style of art where artists distorted figure, exaggerated muscle, and intensified color to create drama
Manerism
57
Artists were seen as ________
Geniuses
58
Who began the first artistic academy?
Vasari
59
All famous artists where _____
Male
60
Most artists came from _________ families
Wealthy
61
Even after the collapse of Rome _______ were still being imported to Europe
Slaves
62
_____________ sailors sold slaves in European markets
Portuguese
63
Where were Africans in Europe concentrated?
Iberian peninsula
64
Interested in defending women and finding out why they had a lower status
Christine de Pizan
65
After the HYW, who revived the monarchy in France?
Charles VII
66
Charles VII set up France's first | permanent ___________
Royal army
67
Charle's son _________ improved the French army
Louis XI
68
The marriage of who gave the French the duchy of Brittany?
Louis XII and Anne of Brittany
69
Who signed the concordat of Bologna?
King Francis and pope Leo x
70
What did the concordat of Bologna entail?
- the pope had the right to receive the first years income of newly named bishops - French ruler allowed to select bishops
71
War between ducal houses of York and Lancaster contending for the control of the crown
Wars of the roses
72
Yorkist __________ established domestic tranquility
Edward IV
73
What tactic did Edward IV use to reconstruct the English monarchy?
Ruthlessness
74
The central of English royal authority was _______
The royal council
75
Henry VIII's eldest son Arthur married ___________
Catherine of Aragon
76
The kingdoms of ______ and _____ were dominant in Spain
Castillo, Aragon
77
The marriage of _______ of Castile, and ________ of Aragon did not bring unity to Italy
Isabella and Ferdinand
78
How did Ferdinand and Isabella curb aristocratic powers?
Excluding high nobles from the royal council
79
Ferdinand and Isabella expanded territories to include _______ land in the south
Arab
80
Ferdinand and Isabella's entrance into Grenada signaled what?
The conclusion of the reconquest
81
____________ increased in Spain
Anti semitism
82
Jewish converts to Christianity
New Christians
83
In which Ferdinand and Isabella received permission from pope sixtus to try Jews
Inquisition
84
Laws that required pure Christian blood for nobility, said that being Jewish was heritable and could not be converted
Purity of blood laws
85
In 1942, Isabella and Ferdinand _________ all Jews from Spain
Expelled
86
Ferdinand and Isabella married daughter Joanna to ________
Archduke Philip
87
Archduke Philip was heir to what?
Burgundian Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire
88
______ joined Portugal to Spanish crown finally uniting the Iberian peninsula
Philip II
89
Change in Italian art was inspired by __________
Humanism
90
Religious reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the church drove a change in ______________ art
Northern European
91
Who creates the adoration of the lamb Ghent altarpiece?
Van Eyck
92
Famous for his portraits of Martin Luther
Lucas Cranach the Elder
93
The greatest of German artists, self conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits
Albrecht Durer
94
English were more interested in __________ than painting
Architecture
95
A pessimistic view of human nature was seen in his work
Hieronymous Bosch
96
While the Hundred Years War ravaged Northern Europe, the ____________ happened in Southern Europe
Renaissance
97
Italian who proved that the donation of Constatine was a forgery
Lorenzo valla
98
Best known philosopher of the renaissance
Pico Della Mirandola
99
What was the name of Pico Della Mirandola's book?
The oration on the dignity of man
100
Most prominent historian of the renaissance, first to write using 3 period view of history
Leonardo Bruni
101
What were the three periods of history as described by Bruni
Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modern
102
Epitomized the renaissance man
Leon Batista Alberti
103
Historian and critic of Machiavelli, considered one of the great political writers
Francesco Guicciardini
104
What was the title of Frencesco Guicciardini's book?
The history of Italy
105
Most important Dutch artist in history
Rembrandt
106
Painter from the Netherlands known for his painting of peasants
Pieter Bruegal the Elder

AP European History (16 decks)

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