Ch 11: The Later Middle Ages Flashcards
What caused the poor harvests in the later Middle Ages?
Colder, wetter climate
What was the term for the period where a climate change occurred?
“Little Ice Age”
The period of starvation that occurred because of poor harvests in Europe was termed ______________
The Great Famine
This ethnic group was a scapegoat for the general suffering during the Later Middle Ages
The Jewish
How did the sons of Philip the Fair try to deal with the famine?
Forbade sale of grain abroad
What country did Philip the Fair rule from 1314-1328?
France
How did Edward II attempt to deal with the famine?
Condemned speculators, set price controls, bought grain abroad
How effective were the government responses to the famine?
Ineffective
How did the famine affect the strength of the plague on European society?
Starvation and malnourishment made people more susceptible to disease
Year round ____________ caused vermin to spread pathogens quickly
Shipping
__________ ships carried Black Death
Genoese
The Black Death was also knows as the ________________
Bubonic plague
Were urban or rural areas hit harder by the plague?
Urban
Who discovered the treatment more bubonic plague?
Selman Walker
What did the medics at the time believe caused the plague?
Poisons in the air that caused fluids in the body to become unbalanced
Many members of the __________ took care of the sick
Clergy
This Italian poet described the plague in his book “The Decameron”
Giovanni Boccaccio
Many cities were __________ to disallow the sickness from entering
Quarantined
What caused the famine?
Agrarian technology could not keep up with the growing population
The lack of population from plague and famine caused general __________ because of less workers to produce goods
Inflation
Labor shortages meant that surviving workers could _______________________________
Demand higher wages
The survivors had a ___________ standard of living
Higher
How did people religiously interpret the plague?
It was gods punishment for sinful behavior
People who whipped themselves to repent for their sins in response to the plague
Flagellants
A shortage of priests caused an increase in _________
Universities
Who fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
France and England
This treaty asserted England’s claims to the Duchy of Aquitane
Treaty of Paris, 1259
Who signed the Treaty of Paris for England?
Henry III
Who signed the Treaty of Paris for France?
Louis IX
French policy in the 1300’s was ____________
Expansionist
What did France decide to do as part of their expansionist policy?
Absorb the Duchy of Aquitaine
Who was the last surviving son of Philip the Fair? He died childless, ending the Capetian dynasty
Charles IV
Charles sister Isabella, had a son _____________ King of England
Edward III
What law did the French make up to exclude Isabella and Edward III from the French monarchy?
No women nor her son can succeed in French monarchy
Who did the French crown king instead of Edward III?
Philip Of Valois
Support from which French regional group would become pivotal to victory in the war?
Dukes of Burgundy
Who did Scotland ally with?
France
The war caused both countries to foster deep ___________
Nationalism
Wool trade between __________ and England was pivotal to both economies
Flanders
War fought almost exclusively in ____________
France
What country experienced success early on?
England
The English used cannons and ___________ to secure many victories
Longbows