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AP European History > Ch 11: The Later Middle Ages > Flashcards

Ch 11: The Later Middle Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

What caused the poor harvests in the later Middle Ages?

A

Colder, wetter climate

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2
Q

What was the term for the period where a climate change occurred?

A

“Little Ice Age”

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3
Q

The period of starvation that occurred because of poor harvests in Europe was termed ______________

A

The Great Famine

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4
Q

This ethnic group was a scapegoat for the general suffering during the Later Middle Ages

A

The Jewish

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5
Q

How did the sons of Philip the Fair try to deal with the famine?

A

Forbade sale of grain abroad

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6
Q

What country did Philip the Fair rule from 1314-1328?

A

France

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7
Q

How did Edward II attempt to deal with the famine?

A

Condemned speculators, set price controls, bought grain abroad

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8
Q

How effective were the government responses to the famine?

A

Ineffective

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9
Q

How did the famine affect the strength of the plague on European society?

A

Starvation and malnourishment made people more susceptible to disease

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10
Q

Year round ____________ caused vermin to spread pathogens quickly

A

Shipping

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11
Q

__________ ships carried Black Death

A

Genoese

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12
Q

The Black Death was also knows as the ________________

A

Bubonic plague

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13
Q

Were urban or rural areas hit harder by the plague?

A

Urban

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14
Q

Who discovered the treatment more bubonic plague?

A

Selman Walker

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15
Q

What did the medics at the time believe caused the plague?

A

Poisons in the air that caused fluids in the body to become unbalanced

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16
Q

Many members of the __________ took care of the sick

A

Clergy

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17
Q

This Italian poet described the plague in his book “The Decameron”

A

Giovanni Boccaccio

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18
Q

Many cities were __________ to disallow the sickness from entering

A

Quarantined

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19
Q

What caused the famine?

A

Agrarian technology could not keep up with the growing population

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20
Q

The lack of population from plague and famine caused general __________ because of less workers to produce goods

A

Inflation

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21
Q

Labor shortages meant that surviving workers could _______________________________

A

Demand higher wages

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22
Q

The survivors had a ___________ standard of living

A

Higher

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23
Q

How did people religiously interpret the plague?

A

It was gods punishment for sinful behavior

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24
Q

People who whipped themselves to repent for their sins in response to the plague

A

Flagellants

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25
Q

A shortage of priests caused an increase in _________

A

Universities

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26
Q

Who fought in the Hundred Years’ War?

A

France and England

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27
Q

This treaty asserted England’s claims to the Duchy of Aquitane

A

Treaty of Paris, 1259

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28
Q

Who signed the Treaty of Paris for England?

A

Henry III

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29
Q

Who signed the Treaty of Paris for France?

A

Louis IX

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30
Q

French policy in the 1300’s was ____________

A

Expansionist

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31
Q

What did France decide to do as part of their expansionist policy?

A

Absorb the Duchy of Aquitaine

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32
Q

Who was the last surviving son of Philip the Fair? He died childless, ending the Capetian dynasty

A

Charles IV

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33
Q

Charles sister Isabella, had a son _____________ King of England

A

Edward III

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34
Q

What law did the French make up to exclude Isabella and Edward III from the French monarchy?

A

No women nor her son can succeed in French monarchy

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35
Q

Who did the French crown king instead of Edward III?

A

Philip Of Valois

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36
Q

Support from which French regional group would become pivotal to victory in the war?

A

Dukes of Burgundy

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37
Q

Who did Scotland ally with?

A

France

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38
Q

The war caused both countries to foster deep ___________

A

Nationalism

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39
Q

Wool trade between __________ and England was pivotal to both economies

A

Flanders

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40
Q

War fought almost exclusively in ____________

A

France

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41
Q

What country experienced success early on?

A

England

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42
Q

The English used cannons and ___________ to secure many victories

A

Longbows

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43
Q

English soldier/king who invaded France and used long-bowman to defeat French at Agincourt

A

Henry V

44
Q

Henry V reconquested ____________

A

Normandy

45
Q

Henry V married the _______ kings daughter, making himself and his sons heir to the throne

A

French

46
Q

Henry V _____ unexpectedly and left his infant son as heir

A

Died

47
Q

French peasant girl whose military revived France

A

Joan of Arc

48
Q

What was unusual about Joan of Arc’s dress?

A

She wore male clothes

49
Q

What did Joan of Arc claim that godly voices told her?

A

The uncrowned Charles VII had to be crowned and the English expelled from France

50
Q

Joan was captured and found guilty of ________ for which she was burned at the stake

A

Heresy

51
Q

How did the French fair without Joan of Arc?

A

They continued victory without her

52
Q

Sensing a shift in power, the Burgundians switched their allegiance to _______

A

France

53
Q

As the war went on the ________ public demanded for the king to end the war

A

English

54
Q

Who requested Joan’s second trial?

A

Charles II

55
Q

What Joan’s second trial do?

A

Clear her of all charges

56
Q

On a positive note, the war stimulated the development of the English ______________

A

Parliament

57
Q

Deliberative meetings one lords and wealthy urban residents that flourished in many European countries (ex. English Parliament). Laid foundations for modern democracy

A

Representative assemblies

58
Q

What was the main difference between French and English assemblies?

A

The French had many regional assemblies while the English had one national assembly

59
Q

Philip the Fair had a long dispute with ____________

A

Pope Boniface VIII

60
Q

What did Philip the Fair do after Pope Boniface’s death in order to control the church?

A

Pressures new pope Clement V to settle in Avignon

61
Q

What was the term for the period when successive popes resided in Avignon?

A

Babylonian Captivity

62
Q

Italian ____________ took head of the church in Rome

A

Urban VI

63
Q

Urban attacked ____________

A

Clerical luxury

64
Q

Why did the cardinals declare Urban’s election to the papacy invalid?

A

It had come about under threats from the roman mob

65
Q

Who did the Cardinals elect as pope instead of Urban?

A

Clement VII

66
Q

What’s the term coined for the period of time where their were two then three popes?

A

Great Schism

67
Q

Who did France recognize as pope during the great schism?

A

Clement VII

68
Q

Who did England recognize as pope during the great schism?

A

Urban

69
Q

This French philosopher was critical of the church and argued that it should be separate from state

A

William of Occam

70
Q

Who wrote the book “the defender of the peace” where he argued that the church should be under the state

A

Marsiglio

71
Q

People critical of the church who said that reform should be achieved by councils representing all Christian people, and that the the pope had to much power

A

Conciliarists

72
Q

This conciliarist believed that scripture was the center of religion and that the pope shouldn’t be so powerful

A

John Wycliffe

73
Q

__________ played a significant role in the conciliarist movement

A

Women

74
Q

He built on Wycliffe’s ideas and defeated the churches army many times, he was tried and burned at the stake for his beliefs

A

Jan Hus

75
Q

In 1430 the Bohemian emperor recognized the __________ church

A

Hussite

76
Q

What did the council at Pisa do to try to end the great schism?

A

Appoint a new pope

77
Q

How did the Roman and Avignon pope respond to the appointment of a new pope?

A

They refused to resign

78
Q

What were the three goals of the council at Constance?

A
  • wipe out heresy
  • end schism
  • reform church
79
Q

What did the council at Constance do the the Roman pope as the pope appointed at Pisa?

A

Dismissed them

80
Q

What did the council at Constance do to the Avignon pope?

A

Isolated him

81
Q

Who was the new pope appointed at the council at Constance?

A

Martin V

82
Q

Martin dissolved the church without doing anything about _______

A

Reform

83
Q

How did the schism affect religion?

A

Caused people to find different outlets of religion away from church authority

84
Q

Volunteer lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood, etc. Raised money for the church

A

Confraternities

85
Q

Famine, plague, and war _________ confraternities

A

Increased

86
Q

Direct experience of the divine

A

Mysticism

87
Q

Where was the first major peasant revolt?

A

Flanders

88
Q

Why did peasants in Flanders revolt?

A

They were forced to pay taxes to the French

89
Q

Peasant revolt in France caused by taxation from the Hundred Years War

A

Jacquerie

90
Q

The ___________ united to end the Jacquerie

A

Upper class

91
Q

Issued by English king, froze wages and bound peasants to their manor. Could not be enforced

A

Statute of Laborers

92
Q

Preacher who rallied the peasant revolts

A

John Ball

93
Q

What caused the English Peasant Revolt?

A

Reimposition of tax on all adult males

94
Q

English ruler who agreed for peasants freedom, made false promises, and crushed the English Peasant Revolt

A

Boy-King Richard II

95
Q

With many bored young men populating the cities _________ increased in popularity

A

Prostitution

96
Q

This was deemed as a crime against nature

A

Same sex relations

97
Q

Nobles who were bored and broke after the Hundred Years War turned to crime, this was dubbed __________

A

Fur collar crime

98
Q

Folk legend character who avenged people from fur collar crimes

A

Robin Hood

99
Q

System where migrants brought and followed laws of their home country

A

Legal dualism

100
Q

Who did England exclude from participating in legal dualism

A

Irish

101
Q

What did the Statue of Kilkenny entail?

A
  • no marriage between migrants and natives
  • Irish must speak English and take English names
  • Irish must dress English and ride saddles the English way
102
Q

Epic poem written by Dante that described the three realms of the next world: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise

A

Divine Comedy

103
Q

Collection of stories told by 30 people of different social backgrounds written by Geoffrey Chaucer

A

Canterbury Tales

104
Q

This time period saw and increasing ___________ I laypeople

A

Literacy

105
Q

Last book of the New Testament; dealt with disease, war, famine, and death (Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse)

A

The book of revelation

AP European History (16 decks)

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