Ch 26: The Age of Anxiety

Question 1

German philosopher who believed that reason, progress, and respectability were constructs that suffocated excellence, rejected religion though he was the son of a lutheran minister

Answer 1

Friederich Nietzsche

Question 2

Nietzsche’s book in which he said that the west had overemphasized rationality and stifled authentic passions and animal instincts

Answer 2

Untimely Meditations

Question 3

Nietzsche warned that wester society was entering a period of _______, the idea that human life is without meaning, truth, or purpose

Answer 3

nihilism

Question 4

Nietzsche’s ideas were fundamental to the rise of the philosophy of _____________

Answer 4

existentialism

Question 5

idea that what we know myst be base on empirically proven facts, concluded that theology was meaningless because it could not be proven

Answer 5

logical positivism

Question 6

What Austrian philosopher became associated with Logical positivism

Answer 6

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Question 7

Wittgenstein believed that philosophy should focus on the study of _________

Answer 7

language

Question 8

Where was logical positivism most popular as World War I progressed?

Answer 8

english speaking countries

Question 9

a philosophy that stresses the meaningless of existence and the importance of the individual in searching for moral values in an uncertain world

Answer 9

existentialism

Question 10

As World War I progressed, where was existentialism most popular?

Answer 10

continental Europe

Question 11

What were most existentialists beliefs in god and religion ?

Answer 11

most were atheists

Question 12

How did existentialism gain popularity in Germany in the 1920’s?

Answer 12

Philosophers Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers found an audience in post war university students

Question 13

When and where did existentialism become the most popular?

Answer 13

France during and immediately after World War II

Question 14

The decades after World War I witnessed a ________ revival

Answer 14

religious

Question 15

people who stressed human’s sinful nature, their need for faith, and the mystery of god’s forgiveness

Answer 15

Christian Existentialists

Question 16

Christian revival was spread by the work of _____________

Answer 16

Kierkegaard

Question 17

What was Kierkegaard’s main belief on religion?

Answer 17

It was impossible to prove hesitance of god, but rejected the notion that christianity was an empty practice

Question 18

Kierkegaard’s essay that said that people must take a leap of faith and accept an unknowable but awesome god

Answer 18

Sickness Unto Death

Question 19

Protestant theologian who said that religion shouldn’t be approached with reason, but with trust and obedience

Answer 19

Karl Barth

Question 20

This new wave of science challenged the comfort that came with the rational viewpoint that all science could be empirically proven

Answer 20

The New Physics

Question 21

What was the first step to New Physics?

Answer 21

The discovery that atoms were made of smaller particles

Question 22

What was the implication of Planck’s quantum theory?

Answer 22

People began to question whether matter and energy were the same thing

Question 23

Einstein’s theory that time and space are relative to the observer and only the speed of light remains constant

Answer 23

Theory of Special Relativity

Question 24

What was this age in physics called?

Answer 24

the heroic age in physics

Question 25

Scientist who showed that the atom could be split

Answer 25

Ernest Rutherford

Question 26

principle that nature itself is unknowable and unpredictable, theorized by Werner Heisenberg

Answer 26

Uncertainty Principle

Question 27

Psychologist who theorized that human behavior was driven by the unconscious and was irrational

Answer 27

Sigmund Freud

Question 28

What were the three structures of the self described by Freud?

Answer 28

id, ego, superego

Question 29

Freud's book that said that civilization was possible only when people renounce their irrational instincts to live peacefully in groups

Answer 29

"Civilization and it's Discontents"

Question 30

Label givent to the artistic and cultural movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, radical experimentation that challenged traditional forms of artistic expression

Answer 30

Modernism

Question 31

What country pioneered the new architecture?

Answer 31

The United States

Question 32

Who led the Chicago School of Architects?

Answer 32

Louis Sullivan

Question 33

belief that buildings should serve the purpose they were made for with little extra ornamentation

Answer 33

functionalism

Question 34

Who wrote "Towards a New Architecture" that laid the out the guidelines to revolutionize building design

Answer 34

Le Corbusier

Question 35

Where was european architecture centered before the rise of Hitler?

Answer 35

German speaking countries

Question 36

Interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts in Weimar that brought together leading architects, designers, and theatrical innovators

Answer 36

Bauhaus

Question 37

Who founded the Bauhaus school?

Answer 37

Walter Gropius `

Question 38

Artists in this movement tried to portray their sensory impressions and looked to the world around them for subject matter. Not precise.

Answer 38

Impressionism

Question 39

Built on impressionist color and light, but added a deep psychological meaning to their art

Answer 39

Expressionists

Question 40

Who founded cubism?

Answer 40

Pablo Picasso

Question 41

Art movement founded in Zurich that attacked all accepted standards of art and behavior and delighted in outrageous conduct, believed that the war had shown that life was meaningless so art should be too

Answer 41

Dadaism

Question 42

Art movement influenced by Freudian Psychology, portrayed imaged of the unconscious in their art

Answer 42

Surrealism

Question 43

literary technique that used internal monologues to explore the human psyche

Answer 43

stream of consciousness technique

Question 44

writers rejected the idea of ______

Answer 44

progress

Question 45

Wrote dark novels about helps individuals like "The Metamorphoses"

Answer 45

Franz Kafka

Question 46

Modern music flourished in ______ and _______

Answer 46

opera, ballet

Question 47

How did transportation contribute to a consumer culture?

Answer 47

It allowed for the expansion of national markets

Question 48

The marketing of fashion, personal care products, and makeup encouraged a cult of youthful _________

Answer 48

sex appeal

Question 49

travel ________ with the rise of consumer society

Answer 49

increased

Question 50

_____________ epitomized the new consumer society

Answer 50

Department stores

Question 51

How did consumer society undermine social differences?

Answer 51

-It democratized society- everyone with means could purchase goods

Question 52

How did consumer society reinforce social differences?

Answer 52

- Companies marketed goods to specific groups | - The cost of some things meant that only the wealthy could purchase them

Question 53

how did consumer society transform women's lives?

Answer 53

- alliances and technology changed housework | - public visibly for girls and women

Question 54

Image of the modern and industrial working women in the 1920's

Answer 54

Modern Girl

Question 55

How was the "modern girl" a stereotype in some ways?

Answer 55

- product of marketing campaigns dedicated to selling goods | - few young women could afford to live up the image, even with jobs

Question 56

How did consumerism and World War I effect women's overall behavior

Answer 56

loosened morals

Question 57

Where was the influence of mass culture most evident?

Answer 57

Commercial entertainment

Question 58

Why did World War I quicken the pace of entertainment media?

Answer 58

National leaders realized that movies and radios where quick ways to spread propaganda

Question 59

What country dominated the competitive film business?

Answer 59

The United States

Question 60

Who directed the series of epic films in Russia that dramatized the communist view of Russian History?

Answer 60

Sergei Eisentein

Question 61

________ encouraged cinema in russia

Answer 61

Lenin

Question 62

Documentary propaganda directed by Leni Riefenstahl based not the 1934 Nazi Party Rally at Nuremberg

Answer 62

Triumph of The Will

Question 63

Who controlled european radio broadcasting?

Answer 63

government

Question 64

How did France view the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 64

France wanted the reparations that Germany owed them and saw them necessary to their growth and reconstruction after the war

Question 65

How did Britain view the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 65

They saw a healthy Germany as vital to the British economy because Germany had been Britain's second largest market before WWI

Question 66

Book written by British Economist John Keynes, said that harsh reparations on Germany would hurt all countries and encourage Bolshevism, renounced the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 66

The Economic Consequence of Peace

Question 67

Britain was suspicious of the large french ________

Answer 67

Army

Question 68

Why was Britain suspicious of French Foreign Policy?

Answer 68

france had turned to the newly formed Central european nations as ally's

Question 69

What happened when Germany was due to make their second payment?

Answer 69

They said that they were unable to pay any more, and proposed a moratorium on reparations for three years

Question 70

How did the English feel about the proposal of a moratorium?

Answer 70

They were willing to accept it

Question 71

How did the French respond to Germany's proposal?

Answer 71

They invaded the Ruhr district, the heart of German industry

Question 72

How did the German government respond to the french occupation of Ruhr valley?

Answer 72

they ordered the ruhr valley workers to stop working and offer passive resistance to the french

Question 73

How did the French respond to the passive resistance?

Answer 73

They sealed of Rhineland and the Ruhr form Germany, letting in only food to prevent starvation

Question 74

How did the German government try to fix their financial problems?

Answer 74

Printing more money

Question 75

What moderate leader came to power in Germany in 1923?

Answer 75

Gustav Stressmann

Question 76

How did Gustav Stressmann attempt to fix the situation in the Ruhr Valley?

Answer 76

- Called of the passive resistance in the Ruhr - Agreed in principle to pay for the reparations - asked for the reexamination go Germany's ability to pay

Question 77

Who led the international committee of financial experts who met to reexamine the German reparations in 1924?

Answer 77

Charles Dawes

Question 78

What did the Dawes Plan entail?

Answer 78

- Germany's yearly reparations would be reduced and linked to the amount of economic output - Would receive large loans from the unites states

Question 79

Where did European leaders sign a series of agreements in 1925?

Answer 79

Locarno, Switzerland

Question 80

Germany and France accepted their common ________

Answer 80

border

Question 81

Germany didn't settle permanent borders on the ________

Answer 81

east

Question 82

Pact that renounced war as an instrument of international policy

Answer 82

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Question 83

Most of the working class in Germany supported what party?

Answer 83

Social Democrats

Question 84

In France, what two parties were fighting for support of the working class?

Answer 84

Socialist and Communists

Question 85

What was the biggest problem in the United Kingdom?

Answer 85

unemployment

Question 86

This party took the place of the Liberal Party in Great Britain, they championed the working class and promoted greater social equality

Answer 86

The Labour Party

Question 87

Worldwide economic depression from 1929-1939, unique in its severity and duration; slow and uneven recovery

Answer 87

Great Depression

Question 88

What sparked the worldwide depression?

Answer 88

The US stock market crash in October of 1929

Question 89

it became hard for european businesses to ______________

Answer 89

borrow money

Question 90

How did frantic europeans react to the bank situation?

Answer 90

They frantically withdrew their money from banks

Question 91

Countries began to go off of the _______ standard of currency to prevent from lowering the value of their currency?

Answer 91

gold

Question 92

Countries began to follow the US example of raising _____________

Answer 92

protective tariffs

Question 93

What 2 factors led to the worldwide depression?

Answer 93

- The international economy lacked leadership able to maintain stable - Instead of raising spending to stimulate economy, countries cut spending

Question 94

How did most countries deal with the poverty that came with the mass unemployment?

Answer 94

They offered aid or benefits

Question 95

What democratic nation responded the most successfully to the Great Depression?

Answer 95

Scandinavian countries

Question 96

What factors helped Britain come back from the depression?

Answer 96

- Increase in the new technology and automobile industries | - focus on national not international markets

Question 97

Why did the Great Depression hit France later than other countries?

Answer 97

France was less industrialized and had a more isolated economy

Question 98

Short lived New Deal inspired alliance in France led by Leon Blum that encouraged union movement and launched social reform

Answer 98

Popular Front

Question 99

What became the strongest party in France?

Answer 99

The Socialist Party, led by Blum

Question 100

Who was the Popular Front an alliance between?

Answer 100

Radicals, Communists, Socialists