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AP European History > Ch 21: Ideologies And Upheavels > Flashcards

Ch 21: Ideologies And Upheavels Flashcards

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1
Q

A meeting of the quadruple alliance and France to fashion a peace settlement

A

The congress of Vienna

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2
Q

What were the lenient terms given to France in the congress of Vienna?

A
  • agreement to the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty
  • first treaty of Paris
  • did not have to pay reparations
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3
Q

What were the terms of the first treaty of Paris? (Before napoleons escape?)

A

Gave France the boundaries it had in 1792

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4
Q

Why were Belgium and Holland united under a Dutch monarchy?

A

More capable of opposing France more effectively

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5
Q

Prussia receive more land from France’s Eastern border called ____________

A

The sentinel on the Rhine

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6
Q

Why was the quadruple alliance moderate to France?

A

The idea of the balance of power

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7
Q

What was the balance of power?

A

Equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression

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8
Q

Who was the Austrian representative?

A

Prince Klemens Von Matternich

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9
Q

Who was the British representative?

A

Robert Casterleagh

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10
Q

Who was the French representative?

A

Charles Taleyrand

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11
Q

The quadruple alliance believed that they should receive ______________ for victory

A

Compensation

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12
Q

The United Kingdom had already won ___________ during the war

A

Territory

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13
Q

Austria gave up territory in _________ and __________ but expanded elsewhere

A

Belgium, Germany

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14
Q

________ and _________ wanted more, but the rest of the representatives at the congress of Vienna argued for limited gain

A

Russia and Prussia

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15
Q

_________ received a small polish kingdom

A

Russia

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16
Q

__________ received parts of saxony and some gains in the west

A

Prussia

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17
Q

Napoleon escaped from Elba and was defeated at _____________

A

Waterloo

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18
Q

What were the terms of the second treaty of Paris?

A
  • Louis XVIII
  • lost only a little territory
  • had to pay reparations
  • had to support a large army for five years
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19
Q

In which the quadruple alliance agreed to meet periodically to discuss common interests in the maintenance of European peace

A

Congress system

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20
Q

Who led the movement of post-Napoleon conservatism in Europe?

A

Prince Klemens Von Metternich

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21
Q

Klemens held a _____________ view of human nature, believing humans were prone to error and selfish behavior

A

Pessimistic

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22
Q

What did Klemens believe was responsible for bloodshed?

A

Liberalism

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23
Q

Klemens believed an ___________ government was necessary

A

Authoritarian

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24
Q

Klemens believed _____________ was important to a strong government

A

Organized religion

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25
Q

The Austrian population was ________

A

Diverse

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26
Q

What was the disadvantage to Austrias diverse population?

A

Lack of political unity

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27
Q

Russia _______ Metternichs belief to hold back nationalism

A

Supported

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28
Q

Who made up the Holy Alliance?

A

Austria, Prussia, and Russia

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29
Q

Who proposed the Holy Alliance?

A

Russia’s Alexander I

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30
Q

What was the purpose of the Holy Alliance?

A

Work to repress revolutionary movements

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31
Q

Where did the Holy Alliance first focus?

A

Southern Europe, primarily Italy and Spain

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32
Q

Why did the Holy Alliance focus on Spain and Italy?

A

Revolutionaries had forced the formation of constitutional monarchies

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33
Q

Metternich called for conference at ___________ in Austria

A

Tropopau

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34
Q

The German confederation was called into being by _______________

A

The congress of Vienna

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35
Q

Laws issues and enforced by Austria and Prussia that required the German states to outlaw liberal political organizations, police universities, and establish a committee of spied

A

Karlsbad decrees

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36
Q

What did Metternich call himself?

A

The chief minister of police in Europe

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37
Q

In the 1820’s, South American elites broke away from the _______ crown

A

Spanish

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38
Q

Movement whose principle ideas were liberty and equality

A

Liberalism

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39
Q

Liberals demanded a ___________ government

A

Representative

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40
Q

The new _____________ made wealthy from industry supported liberalism

A

Upper class

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41
Q

Liberal policy of unrestricted private enterprise, no government interference in the economy

A

Laissez faire

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42
Q

Proposed free marked capitalism instead of mercantilism

A

Adam smith

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43
Q

Liberal political ideas became associated with narrow _____________

A

Class interests

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44
Q

___________ used liberal ideas to justify their right to do what they wanted in factories

A

Industrialists

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45
Q

Labor unions were __________

A

Outlawed

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46
Q

_________ were more radical than liberals

A

Republicans

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47
Q

The idea that each ppl had its own genius and specific identity that manifested itself in a common language or history

A

Nationalism

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48
Q

Nationalists were typical middle class intellects or _________

A

Liberals

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49
Q

Where was nationalism most explosive?

A

Central and Eastern Europe, where ethnic groups overlapped w/in territories

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50
Q

Backlash against the emergence of individualism and the fragmentation of industrial society

A

Socialism

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51
Q

What were the key ideas of socialism?

A

Economic planning, greater social equality, state regulation of property

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52
Q

They had grand schemes for social improvements that were ultimately proved unworkable

A

Utopian socialists

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53
Q

Believed that the key to progress was social organization that required parasites to way to the doers

A

Count Henri de Saint Simon

54
Q

Who were the parasites of Simons model?

A

Court, aristocracy

55
Q

Who were the doers of Simons model?

A

Scientists, engineers, and industrialists

56
Q

Envisioned a utopia of precise self sufficient communities called phalanxes , he was an early proponent to the emancipation of women

A

Charles Fourier

57
Q

Early promoter of labor unions, called for society to be organized into model industrial agricultural communities

A

Robert Owen

58
Q

Wrote ‘what is property’, said that property was theft

A

Pierre Joseph Proudhon

59
Q

Advocated state funded workshops and factories

A

Louis Blanc

60
Q

What was the name of Louis Blancs book?

A

Organization of Work

61
Q

Where was early socialism most popular?

A

France

62
Q

Political program that called for a working class revolution to overthrow capitalist society and establish a communist state

A

Marxism

63
Q

Karl Marx’s partner and colleague

A

Frederic Engels

64
Q

Marx’s great work

A

Capital

65
Q

Marx said that utopian socialists were unrealistic and his model was based on _______

A

Science

66
Q

Marx said that the bourgeoise exploiting the _________

A

Proletariat

67
Q

Marx argued that the working class would grow larger, poorer, and develop a sense of ______________

A

Revolutionary thinking

68
Q

Work published by Marx and Engels

A

Communist manifesto

69
Q

Revolted against the emphasis on rationality, order, and restrain that characterized the enlightenment

A

Romanticism

70
Q

Where was romanticism most popular?

A

England and Germany

71
Q

Who wrote the romantic novel, Ivanhoe, a historical novel set in the 12th century

A

Sir Walter Scott

72
Q

English poet influenced by rosseau, wrote the lyrical ballads with Taylor Coleridge

A

William Wordsworth

73
Q

Early French romantic who urged France to throw out classical models

A

Germaine de Staci

74
Q

Staci’s study praising German writers

A

On Germany

75
Q

Most well known French romantic

A

Victor Hugo

76
Q

In eastern and Central Europe, romanticism and ___________ reinforced each other

A

Nationalism

77
Q

One of the greatest romantic artists

A

Eugene Delacroix

78
Q

Romantic musicians tripled the size of the

A

Orchestra

79
Q

Greatest pianist of his time

A

Franz List

80
Q

Greatest romantic composer

A

Ludwig Beethoven

81
Q

Greeks had lived under the rule of the

A

Ottoman Empire

82
Q

Who led the open revolt in Greece?

A

Alexander Ypsilanti

83
Q

At first, the great powers ___________ the revolution

A

Opposed

84
Q

Britain, France,and Russia were moved by popular demands from their ppl to support ________

A

Greece

85
Q

Russia declared a war of expansion against the ___________

A

ottomans

86
Q

A prince from _______ was selected to rule Greece

A

Prince

87
Q

Politics in Great Britain was reshaped through _______ reform

A

Gradual

88
Q

British laws governing the import and export of grain

A

Corn laws

89
Q

British law controlling heavily taxed press and eliminating all mass meetings

A

6 acts

90
Q

Party led by aristocrats but more responsive to commercial middle class interests than Tories

A

Whigs

91
Q

Bill introduced by the Whigs that increased the number of British voters

A

Reform bill of 1832

92
Q

Movement pressing British government for more radical reform, especially universal suffrage

A

Chartist movement

93
Q

British prime minister who joined the Whigs to repeal the corn laws

A

Robert peel

94
Q

Limited the workday for women and children to ten hours

A

Ten hours act

95
Q

Who did most Irish people rent land from

A

Protestant English landowners

96
Q

The result of 4 years of crop failure in Ireland

A

Great famine

97
Q

The UKs response to the great famine was _______

A

Slow

98
Q

Louis conservative successor, resistible shed the old order in France

A

Charles X

99
Q

Charles repudiated the ___________ in an attempted coup

A

Constitutional charter

100
Q

Charles repressed ____________ and censored the _____

A

Voting rights, press

101
Q

Who was seated on the thrown after Charles fled?

A

His cousin Louis Phillipe

102
Q

Louis Phillipe _________ demand for reform

A

Ignored

103
Q

Monarchy under Louis phillipe, called so because of his favoring of elite interests

A

Bourgeoise monarchy

104
Q

A ___________ came with crop failures in France

A

Depression

105
Q

Following an outbreak of revolt in Paris, Louis abdicates to his _________

A

Grandson

106
Q

Ppl would tolerate no more ________

A

Monarchy

107
Q

Revolutionaries stared drafting a constitution for France’s ______________, universal male suffrage was given

A

Second republic

108
Q

There was a call for reforms of _______,__________,________

A

Liberty, fraternity, and equality

109
Q

Represented the republican socialists

A

Louis Blanc

110
Q

The poor streamed in to sign up for _________ in Paris

A

Workshops

111
Q

The revolution became a clash of _______

A

Classes

112
Q

Fearing they would lose their socialist dreams, unskilled workers invaded the _____________

A

Constituent Assembly

113
Q

The June days were a response to what?

A

Government shut down of workshops

114
Q

The constituent assembly completed the constitution with a strong ______

A

Executive

115
Q

Who won the French 1848 election?

A

Louis Napoleon

116
Q

Where did the revolution in the Austrian empire begin?

A

Hungary

117
Q

Emperor ___________ promised reforms and a liberal constitution

A

Ferdinand I

118
Q

The Austrian revolution began to break down because of __________

A

Disputes over class rights

119
Q

Hungarian evolutionary leaders pushed through a super liberal ___________

A

Constitution

120
Q

___________ rejected unification

A

Minority groups

121
Q

Conservative aristocrats rallied under this duchess, who insisted Ferdinand abdicate in favor of her son Joseph

A

Sophia

122
Q

________crowned king in Austria

A

Joseph

123
Q

The alliance formed from Russia, Prussia, Austria, and the UK

A

Quadruple alliance

124
Q

Revolts caused by the crowning of Nicholas I as the Russian monarch after the death of Alexander I

A

Decembrist Revolts

125
Q

Who did the liberal Russians want on the throne instead of Nicholas?

A

Constantine

126
Q

What’s the Decembrist revolt a success or failure?

A

Failure

127
Q

Who led the revolutions in Italy?

A

The carbonari

128
Q

Under Napolean, the _________(parliament) of Spain approved a very liberal constitution

A

Cortes

129
Q

Why was their revolt in Spain?

A

Ferdinand II refused to recognize the constitution

130
Q

The ______________ debates the question of a unified Germany

A

Frankfurt assembly

AP European History (16 decks)

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