Ch 14: European Exploration and Conquest Flashcards
Center of afroeurasion trade
Indian Ocean
Venetian trader and explorer whose stories fueled western fantasies, travelled to China
Marco Polo
The Mongols fell to the ___________
Ming dynasty
Led treasure fleet” on multiple explorations, China turned away from external trade after his death
Zheng He
Was one of the most powerful African empires until their defeat by the ottomans in 1517
Egypt
________ was practiced in Africa and everywhere else
Slavery
Legends about Africa were ____________
Romanticized
What did people believe about Africa?
It was a Christian nation ruled by the descendent of one of the three kings; prestor John
The Middle East was an ___________ for the afroeurasion trade
Intermediary
There was a religious clash between the ____________ and ______________
Persians and Turks
What religion were Persians?
Shi’ite Muslim
What religion did the ottoman Turks follow?
Sunnism
The Turks and Persians competed for ____________
Trade routes
Under Sultan Mohammed II the ottomans captured the largest European city _____________
Constantinople
What did the ottomans rename Constantinople?
Istanbul
The ottomans expanded ___________
Rapidly
In the late Middle Ages who controlled trade with east?
Venice and Genoa
Revival of the economy after the _____________ was a cause of expansion
Black Plague
Europeans wanted to spread ______________
Christianity
Spanish soldier explorers who sought to conquer the new world for the Spanish
Conquistadors
Fictitious travel book that convinced Europeans and romanticized exploration
The travels of John mandeville
Older ships propelled by slaves
Galleys
New ships developed by Portuguese
Caravel
Depicted the world as round and introduced concepts of latitude and longitude
Ptolemys geography
Who reintroduced Europeans to Ptolemys geography?
Arabs
Instruments invented by greeks, determine location by the elevation of the sun
Astrolabe
Who perfected the astrolabe
Muslim navigators
Supported study of geography and navigation, dubbed the navigator, convinced the Portuguese monarch to open a school of navigation
Prince Henry
The Portuguese conquest of Moroccan city ________ marked the beginning of European overseas expansion
Cuera
Sailed to the end of the cape of good hope, storms forced him to turn back
Bartholemew Diaz
Successfully rounded the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama
_________ became entrance port for trade goods in Europe
Lisbon
Where was Columbus from?
Genoa
What did Columbus title his first expedition?
“The enterprise of the indies”
The ________ were the first to reject Columbus’s proposition for his expedition
Portuguese
Who finally supported Columbus’s expedition?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Where did Columbus land?
Bahamas
What did Columbus call the Bahamas?
San Salvador
What did Columbus do on his second voyage?
Enslave the people of Hispaniola
Who realized that the land Columbus found was new and unexplored?
Amerigo Vespucci
What did the treaty of tordesillas do?
Gave Spain all land to west and Portugal all land to the east
Who worked out the treaty of tordesillas?
Pope Alexander VI
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas work in Portugals favor?
They colonized Brazil
Who claimed Brazil for the Portuguese?
Alvarez Cabral
What discovery did Ferdinand Magellan make while exploring near Brazil?
Strait of Magellan
What was magellans fate?
He died before returning home from his journey
What did Magellans expedition prove?
A west passage to the indies was much to dangerous
After the conclusion of Magellans expedition, Spain gave up on Asia and turned to the ________
New world
Englishman who landed in newfound land on an attempted trip to Brazil
John Cabot
After his initial expedition, what did John Cabot do?
Return to survey New England
Made 3 voyages in and around the Canadian bay
Martin Fro Brisher
Explored Canada in search of path to Asia, ended up successfully trading with the natives for beaver pelts
Jacques Cartier
Who conquered the Aztecs?
Hernan Cortes
What was the other name for the Aztecs?
Mexica’s
Who ruled the Aztecs?
Montezuma II
What was the capital of the Aztec empire?
Tenochitlan
Who did Cortes form an alliance with to defeat the Aztecs?
Tlaxcalas
Where was the inca empire?
Peru
What was the capital of the inca empire?
Cuzco
Who conquered the incas?
Francisco Pizzaro
What was the first English colony?
Roanoke
What saved Jamestown?
Tobacco sales
____________ was founded by pilgrims
Plymouth
What colony was established by puritans?
Massachusetts
Where did Catholics settle?
Maryland
Where did Quakers settle?
Pennsylvania
Who founded the first permanent French settlement?
Samuel de Champlain
What did Samuel de Champlain settle?
Quebec
The French forged relations with the ________ confederacy
Huron
French explorer who descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, opening up French occupation of Louisiana
Rene Robert Cavelier La Salle
What happened as conquests grew more successful?
The Spanish crown imposed authority over the conquested land
Controlled flow to goods and people to and from the colonies and Spain
House of trade
Highest court for colonial affairs
Council of the indies
Crown divided the new world possessions into _____________ ( administrative divisions)
Viceroyalties
What were the two Spanish viceroyalties?
New Spain
Peru
Capitol of new Spain?
Mexico City
Capitol of Peru?
Lima
Imperial governor who excersized military and civil authority
Viceroy
Portuguese colonial administration = ____________ to Spanish
Similar
The ____________ functioned like Portugal house of trade
India house
Royals officials with authority
Intendents
Estates where conquistadors bred Spanish livestock
Haciendas
In which the crown granted conquerors the right to employ natives as slaves for labor
Encomienda system
Most outspoken critic of brutality towards natives
Bartholome de la casas
What did the ottoman capture of Constantinople do to slavery?
Slowed down the flow of white slaves from Easter Europe
Transported slaves to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on sugar plantations
Dutch west India company
English company they held monopoly on slave trade
Royal African company
The Spanish silk trade had competition from the ________
Dutch
The Dutch were at war from independence from _____________
Spanish overlords
What gave the Dutch incentive to attack the Portuguese?
The jointing of Portuguese to the Spanish crown
Idea that it is doubtful that total certainty is every attainable
Skepticism
Belief that no culture is better than another, just different
Cultural relativism
Skepticism and cultural relativism was expressed in work of frenchy ______________
Michael de Montaigne
What new literary genre did Montaigne develop?
The essay
_____________ trading world linked products and people of Asia, Africa, and Europe
Afroeurasion
