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AP European History > Ch 14: European Exploration and Conquest > Flashcards

Ch 14: European Exploration and Conquest Flashcards

1
Q

Center of afroeurasion trade

A

Indian Ocean

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2
Q

Venetian trader and explorer whose stories fueled western fantasies, travelled to China

A

Marco Polo

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3
Q

The Mongols fell to the ___________

A

Ming dynasty

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4
Q

Led treasure fleet” on multiple explorations, China turned away from external trade after his death

A

Zheng He

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5
Q

Was one of the most powerful African empires until their defeat by the ottomans in 1517

A

Egypt

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6
Q

________ was practiced in Africa and everywhere else

A

Slavery

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7
Q

Legends about Africa were ____________

A

Romanticized

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8
Q

What did people believe about Africa?

A

It was a Christian nation ruled by the descendent of one of the three kings; prestor John

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9
Q

The Middle East was an ___________ for the afroeurasion trade

A

Intermediary

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10
Q

There was a religious clash between the ____________ and ______________

A

Persians and Turks

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11
Q

What religion were Persians?

A

Shi’ite Muslim

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12
Q

What religion did the ottoman Turks follow?

A

Sunnism

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13
Q

The Turks and Persians competed for ____________

A

Trade routes

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14
Q

Under Sultan Mohammed II the ottomans captured the largest European city _____________

A

Constantinople

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15
Q

What did the ottomans rename Constantinople?

A

Istanbul

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16
Q

The ottomans expanded ___________

A

Rapidly

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17
Q

In the late Middle Ages who controlled trade with east?

A

Venice and Genoa

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18
Q

Revival of the economy after the _____________ was a cause of expansion

A

Black Plague

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19
Q

Europeans wanted to spread ______________

A

Christianity

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20
Q

Spanish soldier explorers who sought to conquer the new world for the Spanish

A

Conquistadors

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21
Q

Fictitious travel book that convinced Europeans and romanticized exploration

A

The travels of John mandeville

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22
Q

Older ships propelled by slaves

A

Galleys

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23
Q

New ships developed by Portuguese

A

Caravel

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24
Q

Depicted the world as round and introduced concepts of latitude and longitude

A

Ptolemys geography

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25
Who reintroduced Europeans to Ptolemys geography?
Arabs
26
Instruments invented by greeks, determine location by the elevation of the sun
Astrolabe
27
Who perfected the astrolabe
Muslim navigators
28
Supported study of geography and navigation, dubbed the navigator, convinced the Portuguese monarch to open a school of navigation
Prince Henry
29
The Portuguese conquest of Moroccan city ________ marked the beginning of European overseas expansion
Cuera
30
Sailed to the end of the cape of good hope, storms forced him to turn back
Bartholemew Diaz
31
Successfully rounded the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama
32
_________ became entrance port for trade goods in Europe
Lisbon
33
Where was Columbus from?
Genoa
34
What did Columbus title his first expedition?
"The enterprise of the indies"
35
The ________ were the first to reject Columbus's proposition for his expedition
Portuguese
36
Who finally supported Columbus's expedition?
Ferdinand and Isabella
37
Where did Columbus land?
Bahamas
38
What did Columbus call the Bahamas?
San Salvador
39
What did Columbus do on his second voyage?
Enslave the people of Hispaniola
40
Who realized that the land Columbus found was new and unexplored?
Amerigo Vespucci
41
What did the treaty of tordesillas do?
Gave Spain all land to west and Portugal all land to the east
42
Who worked out the treaty of tordesillas?
Pope Alexander VI
43
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas work in Portugals favor?
They colonized Brazil
44
Who claimed Brazil for the Portuguese?
Alvarez Cabral
45
What discovery did Ferdinand Magellan make while exploring near Brazil?
Strait of Magellan
46
What was magellans fate?
He died before returning home from his journey
47
What did Magellans expedition prove?
A west passage to the indies was much to dangerous
48
After the conclusion of Magellans expedition, Spain gave up on Asia and turned to the ________
New world
49
Englishman who landed in newfound land on an attempted trip to Brazil
John Cabot
50
After his initial expedition, what did John Cabot do?
Return to survey New England
51
Made 3 voyages in and around the Canadian bay
Martin Fro Brisher
52
Explored Canada in search of path to Asia, ended up successfully trading with the natives for beaver pelts
Jacques Cartier
53
Who conquered the Aztecs?
Hernan Cortes
54
What was the other name for the Aztecs?
Mexica's
55
Who ruled the Aztecs?
Montezuma II
56
What was the capital of the Aztec empire?
Tenochitlan
57
Who did Cortes form an alliance with to defeat the Aztecs?
Tlaxcalas
58
Where was the inca empire?
Peru
59
What was the capital of the inca empire?
Cuzco
60
Who conquered the incas?
Francisco Pizzaro
61
What was the first English colony?
Roanoke
62
What saved Jamestown?
Tobacco sales
63
____________ was founded by pilgrims
Plymouth
64
What colony was established by puritans?
Massachusetts
65
Where did Catholics settle?
Maryland
66
Where did Quakers settle?
Pennsylvania
67
Who founded the first permanent French settlement?
Samuel de Champlain
68
What did Samuel de Champlain settle?
Quebec
69
The French forged relations with the ________ confederacy
Huron
70
French explorer who descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, opening up French occupation of Louisiana
Rene Robert Cavelier La Salle
71
What happened as conquests grew more successful?
The Spanish crown imposed authority over the conquested land
72
Controlled flow to goods and people to and from the colonies and Spain
House of trade
73
Highest court for colonial affairs
Council of the indies
74
Crown divided the new world possessions into _____________ ( administrative divisions)
Viceroyalties
75
What were the two Spanish viceroyalties?
New Spain | Peru
76
Capitol of new Spain?
Mexico City
77
Capitol of Peru?
Lima
78
Imperial governor who excersized military and civil authority
Viceroy
79
Portuguese colonial administration = ____________ to Spanish
Similar
80
The ____________ functioned like Portugal house of trade
India house
81
Royals officials with authority
Intendents
82
Estates where conquistadors bred Spanish livestock
Haciendas
83
In which the crown granted conquerors the right to employ natives as slaves for labor
Encomienda system
84
Most outspoken critic of brutality towards natives
Bartholome de la casas
85
What did the ottoman capture of Constantinople do to slavery?
Slowed down the flow of white slaves from Easter Europe
86
Transported slaves to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on sugar plantations
Dutch west India company
87
English company they held monopoly on slave trade
Royal African company
88
The Spanish silk trade had competition from the ________
Dutch
89
The Dutch were at war from independence from _____________
Spanish overlords
90
What gave the Dutch incentive to attack the Portuguese?
The jointing of Portuguese to the Spanish crown
91
Idea that it is doubtful that total certainty is every attainable
Skepticism
92
Belief that no culture is better than another, just different
Cultural relativism
93
Skepticism and cultural relativism was expressed in work of frenchy ______________
Michael de Montaigne
94
What new literary genre did Montaigne develop?
The essay
95
_____________ trading world linked products and people of Asia, Africa, and Europe
Afroeurasion

AP European History (16 decks)

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