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AP European History > Ch 14: European Exploration and Conquest > Flashcards

Ch 14: European Exploration and Conquest Flashcards

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1
Q

Center of afroeurasion trade

A

Indian Ocean

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2
Q

Venetian trader and explorer whose stories fueled western fantasies, travelled to China

A

Marco Polo

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3
Q

The Mongols fell to the ___________

A

Ming dynasty

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4
Q

Led treasure fleet” on multiple explorations, China turned away from external trade after his death

A

Zheng He

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5
Q

Was one of the most powerful African empires until their defeat by the ottomans in 1517

A

Egypt

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6
Q

________ was practiced in Africa and everywhere else

A

Slavery

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7
Q

Legends about Africa were ____________

A

Romanticized

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8
Q

What did people believe about Africa?

A

It was a Christian nation ruled by the descendent of one of the three kings; prestor John

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9
Q

The Middle East was an ___________ for the afroeurasion trade

A

Intermediary

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10
Q

There was a religious clash between the ____________ and ______________

A

Persians and Turks

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11
Q

What religion were Persians?

A

Shi’ite Muslim

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12
Q

What religion did the ottoman Turks follow?

A

Sunnism

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13
Q

The Turks and Persians competed for ____________

A

Trade routes

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14
Q

Under Sultan Mohammed II the ottomans captured the largest European city _____________

A

Constantinople

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15
Q

What did the ottomans rename Constantinople?

A

Istanbul

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16
Q

The ottomans expanded ___________

A

Rapidly

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17
Q

In the late Middle Ages who controlled trade with east?

A

Venice and Genoa

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18
Q

Revival of the economy after the _____________ was a cause of expansion

A

Black Plague

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19
Q

Europeans wanted to spread ______________

A

Christianity

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20
Q

Spanish soldier explorers who sought to conquer the new world for the Spanish

A

Conquistadors

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21
Q

Fictitious travel book that convinced Europeans and romanticized exploration

A

The travels of John mandeville

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22
Q

Older ships propelled by slaves

A

Galleys

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23
Q

New ships developed by Portuguese

A

Caravel

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24
Q

Depicted the world as round and introduced concepts of latitude and longitude

A

Ptolemys geography

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25
Q

Who reintroduced Europeans to Ptolemys geography?

A

Arabs

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26
Q

Instruments invented by greeks, determine location by the elevation of the sun

A

Astrolabe

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27
Q

Who perfected the astrolabe

A

Muslim navigators

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28
Q

Supported study of geography and navigation, dubbed the navigator, convinced the Portuguese monarch to open a school of navigation

A

Prince Henry

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29
Q

The Portuguese conquest of Moroccan city ________ marked the beginning of European overseas expansion

A

Cuera

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30
Q

Sailed to the end of the cape of good hope, storms forced him to turn back

A

Bartholemew Diaz

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31
Q

Successfully rounded the Cape of Good Hope

A

Vasco de Gama

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32
Q

_________ became entrance port for trade goods in Europe

A

Lisbon

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33
Q

Where was Columbus from?

A

Genoa

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34
Q

What did Columbus title his first expedition?

A

“The enterprise of the indies”

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35
Q

The ________ were the first to reject Columbus’s proposition for his expedition

A

Portuguese

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36
Q

Who finally supported Columbus’s expedition?

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

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37
Q

Where did Columbus land?

A

Bahamas

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38
Q

What did Columbus call the Bahamas?

A

San Salvador

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39
Q

What did Columbus do on his second voyage?

A

Enslave the people of Hispaniola

40
Q

Who realized that the land Columbus found was new and unexplored?

A

Amerigo Vespucci

41
Q

What did the treaty of tordesillas do?

A

Gave Spain all land to west and Portugal all land to the east

42
Q

Who worked out the treaty of tordesillas?

A

Pope Alexander VI

43
Q

How did the Treaty of Tordesillas work in Portugals favor?

A

They colonized Brazil

44
Q

Who claimed Brazil for the Portuguese?

A

Alvarez Cabral

45
Q

What discovery did Ferdinand Magellan make while exploring near Brazil?

A

Strait of Magellan

46
Q

What was magellans fate?

A

He died before returning home from his journey

47
Q

What did Magellans expedition prove?

A

A west passage to the indies was much to dangerous

48
Q

After the conclusion of Magellans expedition, Spain gave up on Asia and turned to the ________

A

New world

49
Q

Englishman who landed in newfound land on an attempted trip to Brazil

A

John Cabot

50
Q

After his initial expedition, what did John Cabot do?

A

Return to survey New England

51
Q

Made 3 voyages in and around the Canadian bay

A

Martin Fro Brisher

52
Q

Explored Canada in search of path to Asia, ended up successfully trading with the natives for beaver pelts

A

Jacques Cartier

53
Q

Who conquered the Aztecs?

A

Hernan Cortes

54
Q

What was the other name for the Aztecs?

A

Mexica’s

55
Q

Who ruled the Aztecs?

A

Montezuma II

56
Q

What was the capital of the Aztec empire?

A

Tenochitlan

57
Q

Who did Cortes form an alliance with to defeat the Aztecs?

A

Tlaxcalas

58
Q

Where was the inca empire?

A

Peru

59
Q

What was the capital of the inca empire?

A

Cuzco

60
Q

Who conquered the incas?

A

Francisco Pizzaro

61
Q

What was the first English colony?

A

Roanoke

62
Q

What saved Jamestown?

A

Tobacco sales

63
Q

____________ was founded by pilgrims

A

Plymouth

64
Q

What colony was established by puritans?

A

Massachusetts

65
Q

Where did Catholics settle?

A

Maryland

66
Q

Where did Quakers settle?

A

Pennsylvania

67
Q

Who founded the first permanent French settlement?

A

Samuel de Champlain

68
Q

What did Samuel de Champlain settle?

A

Quebec

69
Q

The French forged relations with the ________ confederacy

A

Huron

70
Q

French explorer who descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, opening up French occupation of Louisiana

A

Rene Robert Cavelier La Salle

71
Q

What happened as conquests grew more successful?

A

The Spanish crown imposed authority over the conquested land

72
Q

Controlled flow to goods and people to and from the colonies and Spain

A

House of trade

73
Q

Highest court for colonial affairs

A

Council of the indies

74
Q

Crown divided the new world possessions into _____________ ( administrative divisions)

A

Viceroyalties

75
Q

What were the two Spanish viceroyalties?

A

New Spain

Peru

76
Q

Capitol of new Spain?

A

Mexico City

77
Q

Capitol of Peru?

A

Lima

78
Q

Imperial governor who excersized military and civil authority

A

Viceroy

79
Q

Portuguese colonial administration = ____________ to Spanish

A

Similar

80
Q

The ____________ functioned like Portugal house of trade

A

India house

81
Q

Royals officials with authority

A

Intendents

82
Q

Estates where conquistadors bred Spanish livestock

A

Haciendas

83
Q

In which the crown granted conquerors the right to employ natives as slaves for labor

A

Encomienda system

84
Q

Most outspoken critic of brutality towards natives

A

Bartholome de la casas

85
Q

What did the ottoman capture of Constantinople do to slavery?

A

Slowed down the flow of white slaves from Easter Europe

86
Q

Transported slaves to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on sugar plantations

A

Dutch west India company

87
Q

English company they held monopoly on slave trade

A

Royal African company

88
Q

The Spanish silk trade had competition from the ________

A

Dutch

89
Q

The Dutch were at war from independence from _____________

A

Spanish overlords

90
Q

What gave the Dutch incentive to attack the Portuguese?

A

The jointing of Portuguese to the Spanish crown

91
Q

Idea that it is doubtful that total certainty is every attainable

A

Skepticism

92
Q

Belief that no culture is better than another, just different

A

Cultural relativism

93
Q

Skepticism and cultural relativism was expressed in work of frenchy ______________

A

Michael de Montaigne

94
Q

What new literary genre did Montaigne develop?

A

The essay

95
Q

_____________ trading world linked products and people of Asia, Africa, and Europe

A

Afroeurasion

AP European History (16 decks)

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