ch 25 Flashcards
blood poisoning, especially that caused by bacteria or their toxins.
septicemia
inflammation of the pericardium.
pericarditis
A type of fever caused by uterine infection following childbirth.
puerperal fever
It can treat fungal infections and vaginal yeast infections.
Miconazole
An enlarged, tender lymph node characteristic of plague and some sexually transmitted infections.
Bubo
A condition in which clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body, causing organ failure.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Inflammation of the heart valves or lining of the heart chambers.
Endocarditis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels.
Lymphangitis
Small, purple spots on the skin and mucous membranes caused by hemorrhage from small blood vessels.
Petechiae
Referring to the lung.
Pneumonic
Acute illness caused by an inflammatory response that results when pathogens or their products circulate in the bloodstream.
Sepsis
A range of effects that results from a systemic inflammatory response to a bloodstream infection or circulating endotoxin;
effects include fever, drop in blood pressure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Septic Shock
_____ is also known as βRabbit Feverβ or βDeer Fly Feverβ, it is usually transmitted from wild animals to humans by exposure to the animalβs blood or via insects and ticks.
Tularemia
In Tularemia,
the cause is the Gram-negative aerobe bacterium, which is found throughout the United States except for Hawaii.
πππππππππππ ππππππππππ
πππππππππππ ππππππππππ is a Category _____ bioterrorism agent and can be acquired in multiple ways.
A
πππππππππππ ππππππππππ is characterized by an _____ at entry site, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. Pneumonia if causative agent is inhaled.
ulcer
In πππππππππππ ππππππππππ, organisms are ingested by _____ cells, grow within and then spread throughout the body.
phagocytic
In πππππππππππ ππππππππππ, they are risk mainly to _____, game wardens, and others who handle wildlife.
hunters
In πππππππππππ ππππππππππ it is acquired when the organism penetrates a ______ membrane or enters the broken skin, as may occur when skinning rabbits or a bite of an infected insect or tick.
mucous
a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes and sometimes infection of the lungs.
Plague
Is the plague also referred to as _____ _____ ?
Black Death
The plagues cause is from a Gram-negative rod, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae with multiple chromosome- and plasmid-coded virulence factors.
ππππππππ ππππππ
ππππππππ ππππππβ is a category _____ bioterrorism agent;
A
When ππππππππ ππππππβ is spread by flea bites, it causes the _____ plague.
bubonic plague
The ππππππππ ππππππβ is transmitted to humans by _____.
fleas
Pneumonic plague is transmitted from person to person by ______.
aerosols
If the bacteria enter the bloodstream, ______ plague may occur.
septicemic
ππππππππ ππππππ is endemic in ______ populations.
rodent
ππππππππ ππππππ has multiple chromosome- and plasmid- coded virulence factors that interfere with ______ and immunity.
phagocytosis
In ππππππππ ππππππ, it has a High fever, large lymph nodes, and ______, skin hemorrhages. Sometimes bloody sputum.
buboes
In ππππππππ ππππππ pathology, it enters the body with a bite of infected ______.
flea
In ππππππππ ππππππ pathology, the bacteria taken up by ______.
macrophages
In ππππππππ ππππππ pathology,
the Intracellular environment causes the bacterial cells to produce multiple _____ ______ that allow attachment to host cells, and provide defense against the immune system.
virulence factors
In ππππππππ ππππππ epidemiology, they are particularly in the _____ states of the United States.
western
Bubonic plague is transmitted by ______;
fleas
Pneumonic plague can be transmitted person to person in respiratory ______.
droplets
Pneumonic plague is the most dangerous because of ππππππππ ππππππ is fully ______ at the time of transmission.
virulent
The Infectious ______ is transmitted by contact with infected saliva, especially infectious mononucleosis.
Infectious Mononucleosis
The Infectious Mononucleosis is also referred as _____ or ______ _____.
Mono / Kissing Disease
The Mono disease includes fatigue, fever, sore throat, and enlargement of lymph nodes that last ______ to _____ months
1 to 2
The Mono disease is from the DNA virus of the herpesvirus family.
π¬ππππππ-π©πππ πππππ (π¬π©π½)
In the pathology of π¬ππππππ-π©πππ πππππ, it is spread by _____.
saliva
In the pathology of π¬ππππππ-π©πππ πππππ, starts with a ______ infection of epithelial cells of the throat and salivary ducts.
productive
In the pathology of π¬ππππππ-π©πππ πππππ, it causes latent infection of ______ cells.
B-lymphocytes
In the pathology of π¬ππππππ-π©πππ πππππ, infected people have intermittently lifelong _____ of the virus even when asymptomatic.
shedding
In the pathology of π¬ππππππ-π©πππ πππππ, it _____ infects individuals, which establishes a lifelong infection of B lymphocytes.
latently
A type of tropical viral disease affecting the liver and kidneys, causing fever and jaundice and often fatal. Vaccine-preventable.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is transmitted by _____, and can be can be mild or severe.
mosquitoes
The Yellow fever typically causes only _____ and fever, but can also be severe.
headaches
The Yellow fever severe form is characterized by fever, with fetal bleeding, black vomit, and _____.
jaundice
Yellow fever causative agent is a ssRNA virus, enveloped and comes from the _____ family.
ππππππππππ
The ππππππππππ multiplies locally at the site of _____ by an infected mosquito.
introduction
The ππππππππππ spreads to the liver and throughout the body by the bloodstream.
bloodstream
The ππππππππππ in the bloodstream causes fever, jaundice, and _____.
hemorrhaging
The ππππππππππ virus destroys _____ cells, causing jaundice and decreased the production of blood-clotting proteins.
liver
The ππππππππππ also causes _____ and kidney failure may occur.
DIC
The ππππππππππ in the forest is a _____ to monkeys and the mosquitoes that feed on them.
zoonosis
The ππππππππππ is in _____ and Central and South America.
Africa
An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite that invades the red blood cells. The parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions.
Malaria
Malaria is the most widespread of the _____ blood and lymphatic diseases.
protozoan
Malaria is caused by _____ species of Plasmodium.
five
Malaria is transmitted from person to person by the bite of females _____ mosquitoes, itβs biological vector.
Anopheles
Malaria is characterized by _____ of chills, fevers, and sweats.
paroxysms
In malaria, this type of species is the life-threatening one, even in otherwise healthy people.
π·ππππππ πππ ππππππππππ
In malaria, this type of species cannot enter genetically resistant Africans hosts due to their RBCs lack the Duffy antigen.
πππππππ πππ πππππβ
In a πππππππ πππ πππππ pathology,
1 the Infected mosquito injects πππππππ πππ πππππβ sporozoites into a _____ as it feeds.
capillary
In πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology,
- Sporozoites are carried to the _____, where they multiply in liver cells to form merozoites. The liver cells
liver
In πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology,
- The merozoites infect and differentiate in ______, the cells burst, releasing merozoites and the cycle repeats.
RBCs
In a πππππππ πππ πππππβ
- Another feeding _____ ingests RBCs with gametocytes.
mosquito
In a πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology,
5 The gametocytes are released as the RBCs are _____.
digested
In a πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology,
6 The gametocytes become gametes, and fertilization occurs, forming a _____.
zygote
In a πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology,
7 The zygote becomes motile and penetrates the _____ wall.
gut
In a πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology,
8 In the gut wall, the zygote forms an _____ and multiplies asexually.
oocyst
In a πππππππ πππ πππππβ pathology, 9 The oocyst releases sporozoites that infect the mosquito ______ glands.
salivary
Acute endocarditis is often caused by pathogens that have spread from another infected site.
Bacterial endocarditis
A type of endocarditis is commonly caused by members of the normal microbiota, including oral streptococci
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
A type of endocarditis infection usually begins on structural abnormalities of the heart. Prolonged treatment is usually required.
πΊπππππππππππππ ππππ πππππ ππ
an infection-induced systemic inflammatory response called _____ is commonly a healthcare-associated illness;
many afflicted individuals have serious underlying illnesses such as cancer and diabetes. If uncontrolled, it can progress to septic shock. Most fatal cases involve Gram-negative bacteria.
Sepsis
The causative agent is typically ingested in raw or undercooked contaminated seafood or enters through wounds. If it enters the bloodstream, there is a risk of sepsis and septic shock, particularly in those with compromised immunity.
π½πππππ ππππππππππ
βUndulant Feverβ or βBangβs Diseaseβ ______, caused by Brucella melitensis, is usually acquired from cattle or other domestic animals, sometimes from wild animals. Hunters, butchers, and those who drink unpasteurized milk or milk products are at increased risk for the disease. The organisms can infect via mucous membranes and minor skin injuries.
Brucellosis
This is a newly emerging disease that has spread globally. Like dengue, it causes severe joint pain, which may become chronic.
Chikungunya (CHIK)
Both of these are both severe emerging diseases that are a global concern. They start with flu-like symptoms but can result in massive bleeding and multi-organ failure.
Ebola and Marburg virus
