CH 1 Flashcards
First observes microorganisms
Anton van Leewenhoek
classifies all organisms into three domains
Carl Woese
Introduces vaccination for smallpox
Edward Jenner
demonstrated presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from spontaneous generation.
Francesco Redi
A Hungarian physician now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures.
Ignaz Semmelweis
Early Experiments. supported the idea of spontaneous generation while those of Lazzaro Spallazani did not.
John Needham
His experiments of disproved spontaneous generation and supported what is now known as the theory of biogenesis
Louis Pasteur
Challenged the ‘vital forces’ by series of clever experiments, used sugar and yeast, demonstrated that air contains microorganisms.
Louis Pasteur
(Same guy)
Found microscopical mushrooms, is English Microscopist
Robert Hooke
demonstrates that a bacterium causes anthrax and introduces pure culture techniques.
Robert Koch
His experiments showed that some microbial forms are not killed by boiling.
John Tyndall
These scientists discovered endospores, the heat-resistant forms of some bacteria.
John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn
This scientist was credited with identifying cells as units in which living things are made of.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
We credit as the first to see living things (animalcules) with a microscope.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Relating to or involved in the process of sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
photosynthetic
Microorganisms that are photosynthetic eukaryotes, single-celled or multicellular.
Algae
Microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size with different molecular organization.
(image by Frank Fox)
archaebacteria
arkhaios
Archaea
(greek for
‘primitive’)
Orginisms that do cell contain peptidoglycan
Archaea
A substance that makes cell walls stronger.
peptidoglycan
The singular form of Bacteria.
bacterium
Places of bacteria are present.
Everywhere
These orginsims are single-celled, prokaryotes that have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
Bacteria
Any process where microorganisms reduce the pollution in an environment.
biodegradation
The process of degrading materials by microorganisms, common in environmental pollutants.
bioremediation
The synthesis (production) of living things by living things.
biogenesis
The use of living systems and organisms that develop or create products.
Biotechnology
Bread, wine, beer, cheeses, degrading toxic pollutants and synthesis of products are examples which study?
Biotechnology
These members of the microbial world are not composed of cells and are said to be?
non-living
This type of condition is caused by pathogens and microorganisms.
chronic diseases
All living organisms are classified into how many domains?
3
_____, Bacteria and Eukarya are the three domains of organisms.
Archaea
(think A.B.E)
Archaea, _____ and Eukarya are the three domains of organisms.
Bacteria
(think A.B.E)
Archaea, Bacteria and _____ are the three domains of organisms.
Eukarya
(think A.B.E)
The highest level of biological classification.
Domain
An infectious disease that has increased within the past 35 years.
emerging infectious diseases
More needs to be done to prevent emerging infectious diseases, some of which are new or newly recognized.
emerging infectious diseases
A cell that is dormant and very resistant, produced by Bacillus and Clostridium species.
endospores
These forms of bacteria are heat resistant, discovered by Tyndall.
endospores
A type of organism classified by one or more eukaryotic cells.
Eukarya
A cell type classified by a membrane-bound (organelles) nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cell
A eukaryotic organism type, classified as unicellular or multicellular, contain chitin in the cell wall and are heterotrophs.
Fungi
A type of substance classified by polysaccharides and forming major constituents of anthropoids and cell walls of fungi.
chitin
A type of organism that cannot manufacture its own food.
heterotrophs
A principle taxonomic category between the ranges of species and family, denoted by a capital latin name.
genus
A principle derived from discoveries that lead to the suggestion that microorganisms cause certain diseases.
Germ Theory of Disease
An era started by scientists challenging and disapproving spontaneous generation.
Golden Age of Microbiology
A eukaryotic orginism classified by the formation of different types of cells, microscopic, a worm.
helminth
The measurement unit that best defines microbes, not commonly used in common life.
micro
A microscopic organism which exists as unicellular or multicellular.
Microbe
A type of equipment that allowed discovery of the world of microbes.
microscope
These class of organisms is classified by small size.
microbes
The use of organism (non-human) for understanding particular phenomena.
model organisms
This type of class of organism makes a phenomenal model organism due to growth, genetics and metabolic.
Microorganisms
Types of organisms classified as containing many cells and the cells also differentiate to form tissue.
Multicellular
A type of organism that can be multicellular and has different types of cells that form a stalk that is spore-bearing.
mushroom
A type of system for names, terms or rules for forming terms. Also denotes a genus and epithet.
nomenclature
Certain microorganisms that play essential roles in the host and do not cause disease.
normal microbiota
A parasitic worm classified by living at the expense of the host.
Parasitic helminths
Types of microorganism responsible for causing disease in the host.
Pathogens
In one of the two forms to prevent and treat disease, the body’s immunity is increased to prevent disease.
Vaccinations
In one of the two forms to prevent and treat disease, antimicrobial drugs are used in prevention of bacterial infections.
Antibiotics
Bacteria contain a substance in their cell walls that cause rigidness.
peptidoglycan
A type of infectious agent that is classified as one misfolded version of a normal cellular protein.
Prion
Bacteria and Archaea are?
prokaryotic
These types of cells are the smallest cells and generally smaller than Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic
An infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, killing upwards to 10 million people.
Small pox
When was Small Pox, the infectious disease eliminated ?
1977
The largest group of organisms with fertile offspring, written in italics or underlined.
species
A supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter.
spontaneous generation
Spontaneous generation was highly challenged by who in the seventeenth century?
Francesco Redi
A genetic variation or subtype of microorganism.
strains
A type of organism known as a single-celled organism, where all the cells are the same.
unicellular
A type of infectious entity that is smaller than a virus, consist of only nucleic acid (short RNA) without protein coat.
Viroids
A type of infection agent classified by a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, not both) in a protein coat, not cellular or truly living.
Viruses
A type of infection agent known for only multiplying in invaded living cells.
Viruses
Viruses, infectious agents are smaller than any cell and require this type of microscope to be seen.
electron microscope
A type of microscopic fungus classified as single oval cells that reproduce by budding and converts sugar into alcohol and CO2.
yeast
How long has the microscopic fungus yeast been used in bread making?
4,000 years
An informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that are heterotrophic.
Protozoa
