CH 23 Flashcards
Produced by a knife or other sharp object.
Incision
Results from penetration by a small sharp object, such as a needle or nail.
Puncture
Occurs when the tissue is torn.
Lacerations
a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.
Contusions
Occur when the epidermis is scraped off.
Abrasions
Caused by bullets or other projectiles.
Gunshot Wounds
Caused by heat (Thermal injury), electricity, chemicals, radiation or friction.
𝙱𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚜
Inflammation of the fascia, which are bands of fibrous tissue that underlie the skin and surround muscle and body organs.
Fasciitis
A new tissue formed during healing of an injury.
Granulation Tissue
Types of Staphylococcus aureus strains that have acquired R plasmids, making them resistant to multiple antimicrobial medications.
𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔.
Yellowish fluid composed of proteins, living and dead leukocytes, and tissue debris.
Pus
Pus-producing.
Pyogenic
Molecules that bind to and stimulate helper T cells, resulting in overproduction of cytokines and sometimes fatal shock.
Superantigens
This type of _____ infection occurs with two or more species of pathogens act together to produce an effect greater than the sum of the effects if each pathogen were acting alone.
Synergistic Infection
Types of wounds that allow growth of obligate pathogens that require no oxygen.
𝑪. 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊 is an example.
𝙰𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 𝚆𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚜
in bacterial infections, the several serious consequences include (1) delayed healing, (2) formation of _____ and (3) the spread of bacteria or toxins.
abscesses
The 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒍 species of bacteria is the leading cause of wound infections termed “staph infection”, common in nostril and skin but only _____ out of 30 species cause serious harm.
2
The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 species infections.
They cause pus production called ______ and typically cause the 4 signs of inflammation. If large area infected, fever may occur.
Pyogenic
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔.
it initiates with multiple 𝘷𝘶𝘳𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 factors, spreading from a wound to tissues, abscesses. Few strains produce _____, that activate vast numbers of T(helper) cells, overreacting, toxic shock.
Superantigens
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒆𝒑𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒔.
it lacks virulence. It binds to _____ from blood to produce biofilms and other organs. Surgery is required, medications have little effect to biofilms.
fibronectin
In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔.
it is an increased risk for ______ wound infections, age, health and exposure.
surgical
In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒆𝒑𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒔,
it is an ______ disease in individuals with ______ immune systems.
compromised
A type of wound infection referred to as the “flesh-eating” bacterial infection, it destroys tissue under the skin, causing inflammation and shock.
(pic of left leg)
Necrotizing fasciitis
The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Necrotizing Fasciitis
They are _____, inflammation caused by a minor lesion develops painful and discolors from swelling. Fever and confusion occur, shock and death.
rapid
The 𝕮𝖆𝖚𝖘𝖆𝖙𝖎𝖛𝖊 𝕬𝖌𝖊𝖓𝖙 of Necrotizing Fasciitis
It is a group A, gram ⊕, beta-hemolytic 𝙰𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚎. The strains that cause tissue damage are virulent.
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔
The 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔.
It uses _____ to colonize, releases 𝚂𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚘𝚔𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚜𝚎 (𝚂𝙺), 𝙷𝚢𝚊𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚜 and 𝚍𝚎𝚘𝚡𝚢𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎 and 𝚂𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚘𝚕𝚢𝚜𝚒𝚗. They break down blood clots, connections of cells, DNA, RBCs and WBCs.
F-protein
the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔
The strains produce 𝚂𝙿𝙴, 𝚂𝙿𝙴-𝙱 that cause inappropriate T Cell Activation, shed M-Protein, and create 𝚖-𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚗-𝚏𝚒𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗 complexes that bind to _____. Leads to shock.
neutrophils
The 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔
They are _____ and random in the US. Most common in predisposed conditions.
rare
These types of infections commonly occur in 𝙱𝚞𝚛𝚗 tissues, artificial devices, bloodstream, they are a superbug that produces green color pus. Septic shock.
Pseudomonas Infections
The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Pseudomonas Infections.
They are acute, inflammation, fever and shock. Most notable symptoms are the virulence factor that is yellow _____-𝗏𝖾𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇 and blue 𝗉𝗒𝗈-𝖼𝗒𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗇, making green color pus.
Pyo-
The Causative Agent of Pseudomonas Infections.
It has the ability to respire 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚢 in the absence of O2, if nitrite present, making it critical in the development of biofilms by this organism
𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂.
It uses pili and flagellum for attachment and colonization, then secretes exotoxin ______ and injects effector proteins that alter cell activities.
A
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂.
It also produces toxins that disrupt host cytoplasmic membranes, while the _____ contribute to pathogenicity.
pigments
In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂.
They are widespread and carried on _____, difficult to avoid. Main reason flowers are not allowed ICU’s or 𝙱𝚞𝚛𝚗 wards.
vegetation
This disease is known for “lockjaw” is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death. Preventable by a toxoid vaccination (DTaP).
Tetanus
The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Tetanus.
It causes ______, painful, muscle spasms and is typically fatal without treatment.
sustained
The Causative Agent of Tetanus.
It is a 𝙰𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 gram ⊕ spore-forming bacterium rod.
𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊
in the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊.
The bacterium produces _____, an A-B exotoxin that prevents inhibitory neurons from releasing their neurotransmitter, causing spasms.
𝚃𝚎𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚘𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚒𝚗
in the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊.
The toxin is carried to the CNS and brain, by ______ nerve axons or circulating blood.
motor
In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊
Many cases result from _____ on rusted nails setting on dusty fecal dirt.
stepping
(its mnemonics. roll with it.)
In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊.
Cases non-vaccinated people or last booster shot was 10 years ago. Newborns can get _____ tetanus if parents were unvaccinated and the placenta was cut unsterile.
neonatal
A type of disease with rapid spreading bacterial infection in neglected and dirty wounds. One strain emits foul-smelling gas, while the other is deadly. No vaccines, treated with debridement of dead tissue
gangrene
The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Gangrene.
Initiation with pain and swelling, followed by discharge of a thin, brown, bubbly fluid and _____ discoloration of the overlying skin. Shock and death commonly follow.
dark
This Causative Agent of gangrene.
This strain is, 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 and less lethal due to antibiotics.
𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒚𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒔
This Causative Agent of Gangrene.
That is most common and deadly strain, an encapsulated Gram ⊕ 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 toxin-producing rod.
𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔,
The organism grows in dead and poorly oxygenated tissue and releases a-toxin, causing _____ of healthy tissue.
necrosis
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔.
The gas is produced from _____ of nutrients in the dead tissue. The systemic response to the damage leads to shock and organ failure.
fermentation
In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔.
The contamination occurs from soil, both human and animal _____, GI tract.
feces
The 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔
May occur after _____, birth and self-induced abortions.
miscarriages
The 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔.
Higher risk group include arteriosclerosis, diabetics, and _____ patients.
cancer
A type of serious infection due to antibiotic resistance.
𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺. 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔 (𝙼𝚁𝚂𝙰)
Many 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺. 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔 strains have _____ R plasmids, making them resistant to multiple antimicrobial medications.
acquired
𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺. 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔 is resistant to nearly all _____ antibiotics, minus 𝚌𝚎𝚏𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 and the new 𝚌𝚎𝚙𝚑𝚊𝚕𝚘𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚗.
𝚋-𝚕𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚞𝚖
