CH 23

Question 1

Produced by a knife or other sharp object.

Answer 1

Incision

Question 2

Results from penetration by a small sharp object, such as a needle or nail.

Answer 2

Puncture

Question 3

Occurs when the tissue is torn.

Answer 3

Lacerations

Question 4

a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.

Answer 4

Contusions

Question 5

Occur when the epidermis is scraped off.

Answer 5

Abrasions

Question 6

Caused by bullets or other projectiles.

Answer 6

Gunshot Wounds

Question 7

Caused by heat (Thermal injury), electricity, chemicals, radiation or friction.

Answer 7

𝙱𝚞𝚛𝚗𝚜

Question 8

Inflammation of the fascia, which are bands of fibrous tissue that underlie the skin and surround muscle and body organs.

Answer 8

Fasciitis

Question 9

A new tissue formed during healing of an injury.

Answer 9

Granulation Tissue

Question 10

Types of Staphylococcus aureus strains that have acquired R plasmids, making them resistant to multiple antimicrobial medications.

Answer 10

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔.

Question 11

Yellowish fluid composed of proteins, living and dead leukocytes, and tissue debris.

Answer 11

Pus

Question 12

Pus-producing.

Answer 12

Pyogenic

Question 13

Molecules that bind to and stimulate helper T cells, resulting in overproduction of cytokines and sometimes fatal shock.

Answer 13

Superantigens

Question 14

This type of _____ infection occurs with two or more species of pathogens act together to produce an effect greater than the sum of the effects if each pathogen were acting alone.

Answer 14

Synergistic Infection

Question 15

Types of wounds that allow growth of obligate pathogens that require no oxygen.

𝑪. 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊 is an example.

Answer 15

𝙰𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 𝚆𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚜

Question 16

in bacterial infections, the several serious consequences include (1) delayed healing, (2) formation of _____ and (3) the spread of bacteria or toxins.

Answer 16

abscesses

Question 17

The 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒍 species of bacteria is the leading cause of wound infections termed “staph infection”, common in nostril and skin but only _____ out of 30 species cause serious harm.

Answer 17

2

Question 18

The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 species infections.

They cause pus production called ______ and typically cause the 4 signs of inflammation. If large area infected, fever may occur.

Answer 18

Pyogenic

Question 19

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔.

it initiates with multiple 𝘷𝘶𝘳𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 factors, spreading from a wound to tissues, abscesses. Few strains produce _____, that activate vast numbers of T(helper) cells, overreacting, toxic shock.

Answer 19

Superantigens

Question 20

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒆𝒑𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒔.

it lacks virulence. It binds to _____ from blood to produce biofilms and other organs. Surgery is required, medications have little effect to biofilms.

Answer 20

fibronectin

Question 21

In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔.

it is an increased risk for ______ wound infections, age, health and exposure.

Answer 21

surgical

Question 22

In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒆𝒑𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒔,

it is an ______ disease in individuals with ______ immune systems.

Answer 22

compromised

Question 23

A type of wound infection referred to as the “flesh-eating” bacterial infection, it destroys tissue under the skin, causing inflammation and shock.

(pic of left leg)

Answer 23

Necrotizing fasciitis

Question 24

The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Necrotizing Fasciitis

They are _____, inflammation caused by a minor lesion develops painful and discolors from swelling. Fever and confusion occur, shock and death.

Answer 24

rapid

Question 25

The 𝕮𝖆𝖚𝖘𝖆𝖙𝖎𝖛𝖊 𝕬𝖌𝖊𝖓𝖙 of Necrotizing Fasciitis It is a group A, gram ⊕, beta-hemolytic 𝙰𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚎. The strains that cause tissue damage are virulent.

Answer 25

𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔

Question 26

The 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔. It uses _____ to colonize, releases 𝚂𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚘𝚔𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚜𝚎 (𝚂𝙺), 𝙷𝚢𝚊𝚕𝚞𝚛𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚜 and 𝚍𝚎𝚘𝚡𝚢𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚘𝚗𝚞𝚌𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎 and 𝚂𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚝𝚘𝚕𝚢𝚜𝚒𝚗. They **break down blood** **clots**, **connections of cells, DNA, RBCs and WBCs**.

Answer 26

F-protein

Question 27

the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔 The strains produce 𝚂𝙿𝙴, 𝚂𝙿𝙴-𝙱 that cause inappropriate T Cell Activation, shed M-Protein, and create 𝚖-𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚗-𝚏𝚒𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗 complexes that bind to \_\_\_\_\_. Leads to shock.

Answer 27

neutrophils

Question 28

The 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒚𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔 They are _____ and random in the US. Most common in predisposed conditions.

Answer 28

rare

Question 29

These types of infections commonly occur in 𝙱𝚞𝚛𝚗 tissues, artificial devices, bloodstream, they are a superbug that produces green color pus. Septic shock.

Answer 29

Pseudomonas Infections

Question 30

The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Pseudomonas Infections. They are acute, inflammation, fever and shock. **Most notable** symptoms are the virulence factor that is **yellow** \_\_\_\_\_-**𝗏𝖾𝗋𝖽𝗂𝗇 and blue 𝗉𝗒𝗈-𝖼𝗒𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗇**, making green color pus.

Answer 30

Pyo-

Question 31

The Causative Agent of Pseudomonas Infections. It has the ability to respire 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚢 in the absence of O2, if nitrite present, making it critical in the development of biofilms by this organism

Answer 31

𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂

Question 32

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂. It uses pili and flagellum for attachment and colonization, then secretes exotoxin ______ and injects effector proteins that alter cell activities.

Answer 32

A

Question 33

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂. It also produces toxins that disrupt host cytoplasmic membranes, while the _____ contribute to pathogenicity.

Answer 33

pigments

Question 34

In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑷𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒂. They are widespread and carried on \_\_\_\_\_, difficult to avoid. Main reason flowers are not allowed ICU’s or 𝙱𝚞𝚛𝚗 wards.

Answer 34

vegetation

Question 35

This **disease** is known for “lockjaw” is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death. Preventable by a toxoid vaccination (DTaP).

Answer 35

Tetanus

Question 36

The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Tetanus. It causes \_\_\_\_\_\_, painful, muscle spasms and is typically fatal without treatment.

Answer 36

sustained

Question 37

The Causative Agent of Tetanus. It is a 𝙰𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 gram ⊕ spore-forming bacterium rod.

Answer 37

𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊

Question 38

in the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊. The bacterium produces \_\_\_\_\_, an A-B exotoxin that prevents inhibitory neurons from releasing their neurotransmitter, causing spasms.

Answer 38

𝚃𝚎𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚘𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚖𝚒𝚗

Question 39

in the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊. The toxin is carried to the CNS and brain, by ______ nerve axons or circulating blood.

Answer 39

motor

Question 40

In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊 Many cases result from _____ on rusted nails setting on dusty fecal dirt.

Answer 40

stepping | (its mnemonics. roll with it.)

Question 41

In the 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊. Cases non-vaccinated people or last booster shot was 10 years ago. Newborns can get _____ tetanus if parents were unvaccinated and the placenta was cut unsterile.

Answer 41

neonatal

Question 42

A type of disease with rapid spreading bacterial infection in **neglected and dirty wounds**. One strain emits foul-smelling gas, while the other is deadly. No vaccines, treated with debridement of dead tissue

Answer 42

gangrene

Question 43

The 𝕾𝖎𝖌𝖓𝖘 & 𝕾𝖞𝖒𝖕𝖙𝖔𝖒𝖘 of Gangrene. Initiation with pain and swelling, followed by discharge of a thin, brown, bubbly fluid and _____ **discoloration** of the overlying skin. Shock and death commonly follow.

Answer 43

dark

Question 44

This **Causative Agent** of gangrene. This strain is, 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 and less lethal due to antibiotics.

Answer 44

𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒎𝒚𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒔

Question 45

This **Causative Agent** of Gangrene. That is most common and deadly strain, an encapsulated Gram ⊕ 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚌 toxin-producing rod.

Answer 45

𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔

Question 46

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔, The organism grows in dead and poorly oxygenated tissue and releases a-toxin, causing _____ of healthy tissue.

Answer 46

necrosis

Question 47

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔. The gas is produced from _____ of nutrients in the dead tissue. The systemic response to the damage leads to shock and organ failure.

Answer 47

fermentation

Question 48

In the 𝕻𝖆𝖙𝖍𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔. The contamination occurs from soil, both human and animal \_\_\_\_\_, GI tract.

Answer 48

feces

Question 49

The 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔 May occur after \_\_\_\_\_, birth and self-induced abortions.

Answer 49

miscarriages

Question 50

The 𝕰𝖕𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖒𝖎𝖔𝖑𝖔𝖌𝖞 of 𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒔. Higher risk group include arteriosclerosis, diabetics, and _____ patients.

Answer 50

cancer

Question 51

A type of serious infection due to antibiotic resistance.

Answer 51

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺. 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔 (𝙼𝚁𝚂𝙰)

Question 52

Many 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺. 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔 strains have _____ R plasmids, making them resistant to multiple antimicrobial medications.

Answer 52

acquired

Question 53

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝑺. 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒖𝒔 is resistant to nearly all _____ antibiotics, minus 𝚌𝚎𝚏𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 and the new 𝚌𝚎𝚙𝚑𝚊𝚕𝚘𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚒𝚗.

Answer 53

𝚋-𝚕𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚞𝚖