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Clinical Chem - Vic > Ch 10 Lab Proc Book > Flashcards

Ch 10 Lab Proc Book Flashcards

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1
Q

When making a blood smear with a sample that is very thick and that contains some small clots, you should do what?

A

Make the smear from a fresh sample

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2
Q

The predominant white blood cell type in ruminants is the …

A

Lymphocyte

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3
Q

Which cell type is characterized by amoeboid nuclear material and abundant, blue-gray, vacuolated cytoplasm?

A

Monocyte

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4
Q

The white blood cell that responds to allergies and parasitic disease is the …

A

Eosinophil

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5
Q

Which cell type can be identified by it’s dark, irregular, lobulated nucleus and it’s colorless or pale-pink cytoplasm?

A

Neutrophil

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6
Q

The cell with a rounded or slightly indented nucleus that almost completely fills the cell is the mature …

A

Lymphocyte

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7
Q

Feline eosinophils contain …

A

Red-shaped granules

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8
Q

The largest white blood cell in the peripheral blood is the …

A

Monocyte

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9
Q

If a patient has 70% neutrophils on the differential blood cell film and a white blood cell count of 12,000, what is the absolute number of neutrophils present per µL?

A

8400

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10
Q

The primary function of ________ is phagocytosis.

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q

The morphology of canine erythrocytes is best described as …

A

Biconcave disc

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12
Q

The morphology of avian erythrocytes is best described as …

A

Nucleated

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13
Q

A platelet estimate that is performed with the use of a differential blood cell film requires the counting of platelets in a minimum of ______ microscopic fields.

A

10

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14
Q

Multiply the platelet estimate obtained from blood film

by ________ to get the platelet estimate per µL of blood.

A

20,000

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15
Q

The blood film is used to perform the?

A

differential WBC count, to estimate platelet numbers, and to evaluate the morphologic features of WBCs, RBCs and platelets

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16
Q

Peripheral blood films, can be prepared with the use of either a ___ ___or a ____ ___ technique.

A

wedge smear technique or a coverslip technique

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17
Q

When is the coverslip technique used?

A

for avian and exotic species

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18
Q

Why do we stain blood smear slides?

A

to distinguish individual cells and to identify any abnormal cellular characteristics

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19
Q

What is the commonly available stain?

A

Romanowsky stains

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20
Q

What 2 types of Romanowsky stains are there?

A

Wright’s stain and Wright-Giemsa stain

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21
Q

The components include?

A

a fixative, buffered solutions of eosin and methylene blue

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22
Q

The fixative is usually?

A

95% methanol

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23
Q

The eosin component is?

A

buffered at an acidic pH, and it stains the basic components of the cells, such as hemoglobin and eosinophilic granules

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24
Q

The methylene blue component is?

A

buffered to an alkaline pH, and it stains the acidic components of the cell, such as leukocyte nuclei

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25
Q

A three-step stain that gives acceptable results is?

A

Diff-Quik

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26
Q

When Diff-Quik is used, the slide may be rinsed with ___ water between each of the 3 components.

A

distilled

A final rinse is done on the slide with distilled water

27
Q

How long do you leave the slide in the fixative - methanol?

A

at least 60 seconds

28
Q

How long do you leave the slides in the other 2 components?

A

30 seconds - you do not need to dip slides in and out of stains

29
Q

What will not be reported by automated analyzers?

A

abnormalities, nucleated RBCs, toxic granulation, platelet clumps, target cells, and hemoparasites

30
Q

When look at slide under low power (100x) scan slide for?

A

the presence of platelet clumps, large abnormal cells, and microfilariae

31
Q

The feathered edge area of the blood film contains cells that are usually?

A

greatly distorted and erratically distributed

32
Q

The monolayer is the area of the blood film where?

A

the cells are evenly and randomly distributed and not distorted

33
Q

The differential count is performed in the smear _____ by using oil-immersion (___x) mangnification.

A

monolayer
1000
A mininum of 100 WBCs are counted, identified, and recorded during this count

34
Q

When 100 WBCs are counted, and the number of each WBC type observed it is recorded as a ____. This is called the relative ___ count.

A

percentage

WBC

35
Q

After the relative percentages of each WBC cell type have been determined, the ___ ___ of each cell type must be calculated.

A

absolute value

36
Q

Calculation of absolute values is accomplished by?

A

multiplying the total WBC count by the percentage of each cell type

37
Q

Define neutrophilia?

A

an abnormal increase in the number of neutrophils seen in a peripheral blood sample

38
Q

What are the WBCs?

A

mature and immature neutrophils,lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

39
Q

What role does WBCs play in the body?

A

body’s defense system and the total concentration of each type is valuable for the diagnosis of various diseases

40
Q

Functions of WBCs include?

A

phagocytosis, the release of substances that modulate the immune system, and the production of antibodies

41
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

the most abundant WBCs in the peripheral blood of most mammals. The nucleus is irregular and elongated, and true filaments between nuclear lobes are rare. 3-5 lobes is characteristic of mammalian neutrophils

42
Q

Equine neutrophils are?

A

heavily clumped, coarse chromatin. The cytoplasma stains pale pink, with fine, diffuse granules

43
Q

Bovine neutrophils have?

A

a darker-pink cytoplasm

44
Q

Increased numbers of neutrophils usually indicate?

A

infection or inflammation

45
Q

Define heterophil?

A

functionally equivalent to neutrophils in avian, reptiles, some fish, and some small mammal species

46
Q

A band neutrophil is?

A

a horseshoe shaped nucleus with large round ends

47
Q

Segmented nucleus is?

A

when more than one third of the width of the nucleus is constricted

48
Q

Eosinophil?

A

contains a nucleus that is similar to that of neutrophils, but the chromatin is usually not as coarsely clumped. Granules vary in size with small and large granules within the same cell, and they stain less intensely than those of other species; they are usually dark red and round.

49
Q

Feline eosinophils contain?

A

granules that are small, rod shaped, and numerous

50
Q

Equine eosinophils granules are?

A

large and round to oval and they stain an intense orange-red color

51
Q

Eosinophils in cattle, sheep, and pigs are?

A

round and much smaller than those found in horses and they stain an intense pink

52
Q

Eosinophils are capable of?

A

phagocytosis but main function is in the modulation of the immune system.

53
Q

Increased numbers of eosinophils are commonly seen in patients with?

A

allergic reactions and parasitic infections or infestations.

54
Q

The size, color, shape, and number of granules present in ___ vary among species.

A

eosinophils

55
Q

Basophils?

A

similar to monocytes but not commonly seen on the blood cell film

56
Q

Canine basophils are?

A

few in number and stain a purple to blue-black color

57
Q

Equine and bovine basophils granules are usually ?

A

more numerous, they tend to stain a blue-black color and they may completely pack the cytoplasm

58
Q

Feline basophil granules are?

A

round, and they stain a light lavender color.

59
Q

Basophils are involved in the mediation of the ___ system, and increased numbers are seen with a variety of ____ and ____ conditions.

A

immune

inflammatory, infectious

60
Q

Lymphocyte?

A

present in a variety of sizes in the peripheral blood. The most abundant WBCs in samples from ruminant patients

61
Q

In dogs and cats, Lymphocytes are?

A

small and they have slightly indented nuclei. The chromatin is coarsely clumped, and the cytoplasma is light blue and quite scanty.
Chromocenters appear as dark clumps within the nucleus.

62
Q

Monocytes are?

A

the largest of the WBCs - they contain variably shaped nuclei
the nucleus is occasionally the shape of a kidney bean, but it is often elongated, lobulated, or amoeboid. The nuclear chromatin is more coarsely clumped. The cytoplasma is a blue-gray color and main contain vacuoles and small, fine, pink granules

63
Q

Increased numbers of monocytes are seen in a variety of?

A

chronic infections

64
Q

Megathromobocytes?

A

the presence of unusually large platelets - may suggest the early release of platelets from the bone marrow and should be noted.

Clinical Chem - Vic (29 decks)

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