Cephalosporins Flashcards
True or false, as a class, cephalosporins are active against Enterococcus spp
False
What does first generation cephalosporins cover?
Gram positive cocci (Streptococci and staphylococci)
When is a first generation cephalosporin preferred
MSSA infection
Cefuroxime covers what?
Staphylococci, more resistant strains of S. Pneumoniae, , Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella
Cefotetan and Cefoxitin have the same added coverage as Cefuroxime plus what
Gram negative anaerobes B. Fragilis
What does Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime cover?
More resistant streptococci, staphylococci (MSSA), gram positive anaerobes (mouth flora) and more resistant strains of HNPEK
Ceftazidime lacks what but covers what?
Lacks gram-positive activity but covers pseudomonas
Ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftolozone/tazobactam have added what?
Activity against MDR pseudomonas and other gram negative rods
What does Cefepime cover
Gram-negative HNPEK, CAPES, and Pseudomonas, as well as gram positive activity similar to ceftriaxone
True or false ceftaroline is the only beta-lactam that covers MRSA
True
Ceftraoline covers what?
gram negative activity similar to ceftriaxone and broad gram positive coverage
List all first generation cephalosporins
1) Cefazolin
2) Cephalexin
3) Cefadroxil
Brand name of Cefazolin
Ancef
Brand name used of Cephalexin
Keflex
Dose of Cephalexin
PO 250-500 mg Q6-12h
List all second generation cephalosporins
1) Cefuroxime
2) Cefotetan
3) Cefaclor
4) Cefoxitin
5) Cefprozil
What is the brand name of Cefuroxime
Ceftin
What is the brand name of Cefotetan
Cefotan
List all the third generation cephalosporins
1) Cefdinir
2) Ceftriaxone
3) Cefotaxime
4) Cefditoren
5) Cefixime
6) Cefpodoxime
7) Ceftibuten
8) Ceftazidime
9) Ceftazidime/Avibactam
10) Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
What is the brand name of Cefdinir
Omnicef
What is the brand name of ceftriaxone
Rocephin
What is the brand name of Ceftazidime
Fortaz
List all the fourth generation cephalosporins
Cefepime
List all the fifth generation cephalosporins
Ceftaroline fosamil
What is the bran name of ceftaroline fosamil
Teflaro
What is the contraindication of ceftriaxone
Hyperbilirubinemic neonates; concurrent use with calcium-containing IV products in neonates 28 days old
True or false, there is a cross sensitivity of cephalosporins with penicillin allergy and should be not used in patients with a type 1 penicillin allergy
True
What is a warning when using cefotetan specifically
Because of its side chain, it can increase the risk of bleeding and cause a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol ingestion
Class wide side effects with cephalosporins
Seizures with accumulation, GI upset, diarrhea, rash
Which cephalosporin does not require renal adjustment?
Cefrtriaxone
True or false, cefixime is available in a chewable tablet
True
What is an added bonus of Ceftazidime/avibactam
It covers some carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae
What is the common use of Cephalexin
Out patient: skin infections (MSSA), strep throat
What is the common use of Cefuroxime
Outpatient: acute otitis media, community acquired pneumonia, sinus infection
What is the common use of Cefdinir
Outpatient: CAP, Sinus infection
What is the common use of Cefazolin
Inpatient: surgical prophylaxis
What is the common use of Cefotetan and Cefoxitin
Inpatient: Surgical prophylaxis (colorectal procedures)
What is the common use of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime
Inpatient: CAP, meningitis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pyelonephritis
What do ceftazidime and cefepime have in common
Active against pseudomonas
What is a DDI with Cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren?
Separate by 2 hours from antacids. Avoid H2RAs and PPis
