Cephalosporins

Question 1

True or false, as a class, cephalosporins are active against Enterococcus spp

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What does first generation cephalosporins cover?

Answer 2

Gram positive cocci (Streptococci and staphylococci)

Question 3

When is a first generation cephalosporin preferred

Answer 3

MSSA infection

Question 4

Cefuroxime covers what?

Answer 4

Staphylococci, more resistant strains of S. Pneumoniae, , Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella

Question 5

Cefotetan and Cefoxitin have the same added coverage as Cefuroxime plus what

Answer 5

Gram negative anaerobes B. Fragilis

Question 6

What does Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime cover?

Answer 6

More resistant streptococci, staphylococci (MSSA), gram positive anaerobes (mouth flora) and more resistant strains of HNPEK

Question 7

Ceftazidime lacks what but covers what?

Answer 7

Lacks gram-positive activity but covers pseudomonas

Question 8

Ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftolozone/tazobactam have added what?

Answer 8

Activity against MDR pseudomonas and other gram negative rods

Question 9

What does Cefepime cover

Answer 9

Gram-negative HNPEK, CAPES, and Pseudomonas, as well as gram positive activity similar to ceftriaxone

Question 10

True or false ceftaroline is the only beta-lactam that covers MRSA

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Ceftraoline covers what?

Answer 11

gram negative activity similar to ceftriaxone and broad gram positive coverage

Question 12

List all first generation cephalosporins

Answer 12

1) Cefazolin
2) Cephalexin
3) Cefadroxil

Question 13

Brand name of Cefazolin

Answer 13

Ancef

Question 14

Brand name used of Cephalexin

Answer 14

Keflex

Question 15

Dose of Cephalexin

Answer 15

PO 250-500 mg Q6-12h

Question 16

List all second generation cephalosporins

Answer 16

1) Cefuroxime
2) Cefotetan
3) Cefaclor
4) Cefoxitin
5) Cefprozil

Question 17

What is the brand name of Cefuroxime

Answer 17

Ceftin

Question 18

What is the brand name of Cefotetan

Answer 18

Cefotan

Question 19

List all the third generation cephalosporins

Answer 19

1) Cefdinir
2) Ceftriaxone
3) Cefotaxime
4) Cefditoren
5) Cefixime
6) Cefpodoxime
7) Ceftibuten
8) Ceftazidime
9) Ceftazidime/Avibactam
10) Ceftolozane/Tazobactam

Question 20

What is the brand name of Cefdinir

Answer 20

Omnicef

Question 21

What is the brand name of ceftriaxone

Answer 21

Rocephin

Question 22

What is the brand name of Ceftazidime

Answer 22

Fortaz

Question 23

List all the fourth generation cephalosporins

Answer 23

Cefepime

Question 24

List all the fifth generation cephalosporins

Answer 24

Ceftaroline fosamil

Question 25

What is the bran name of ceftaroline fosamil

Answer 25

Teflaro

Question 26

What is the contraindication of ceftriaxone

Answer 26

Hyperbilirubinemic neonates; concurrent use with calcium-containing IV products in neonates 28 days old

Question 27

True or false, there is a cross sensitivity of cephalosporins with penicillin allergy and should be not used in patients with a type 1 penicillin allergy

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is a warning when using cefotetan specifically

Answer 28

Because of its side chain, it can increase the risk of bleeding and cause a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol ingestion

Question 29

Class wide side effects with cephalosporins

Answer 29

Seizures with accumulation, GI upset, diarrhea, rash

Question 30

Which cephalosporin does not require renal adjustment?

Answer 30

Cefrtriaxone

Question 31

True or false, cefixime is available in a chewable tablet

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is an added bonus of Ceftazidime/avibactam

Answer 32

It covers some carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae

Question 33

What is the common use of Cephalexin

Answer 33

Out patient: skin infections (MSSA), strep throat

Question 34

What is the common use of Cefuroxime

Answer 34

Outpatient: acute otitis media, community acquired pneumonia, sinus infection

Question 35

What is the common use of Cefdinir

Answer 35

Outpatient: CAP, Sinus infection

Question 36

What is the common use of Cefazolin

Answer 36

Inpatient: surgical prophylaxis

Question 37

What is the common use of Cefotetan and Cefoxitin

Answer 37

Inpatient: Surgical prophylaxis (colorectal procedures)

Question 38

What is the common use of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime

Answer 38

Inpatient: CAP, meningitis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pyelonephritis

Question 39

What do ceftazidime and cefepime have in common

Answer 39

Active against pseudomonas

Question 40

What is a DDI with Cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren?

Answer 40

Separate by 2 hours from antacids. Avoid H2RAs and PPis