Carbohydrate Oxidation Flashcards
Respiration Equation
C6 H12 O2 + 6O2—–>6CO2 + H20 + Energy released
What is the hydrogen in glucose do?
It is brought together with oxygen to form water again.
Which bonds are stronger the bonds between hydrogen in glucose or the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water? What does this mean?
Bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in water.
Input energy needed to break the bonds in glucose and oxygen is not as great as the energy released when the bonds in carbon dioxide are formed.
What does releasing energy do?
It generates ATP
Why is Glucose and oxygen not brought together directly?
Because it releases large amounts of energy quickly which can damage the cell.
Where does Glycolysis occur?
In the cyptoplasm + sacroplasm of muscle cells.
What does Glycolysis mean?
Glycolysis means the splitting up of sugar.
How is glucose stored? What is glucose referred to?
Stored as glycogen and is first converted into a glucose, a hexose sugar.
Glucose is refereed to as the main respiratory substrate
Why does glucose require an input of energy from ATP to get it started?
Because glucose is stable and unreactive.
GLYCOLYSIS
- Two phosphate groups are added from two ATP molecules=increases reativity.
- Split into two molecules of 3 carbon (3C) compounds.
- Each intermediate 3C sugar is oxidized producing 3 carbon compound, Pyruvate.
What does the coenzyme NAD do?
When 2 H atoms are removed during the reaction it takes it up.
What is the consequence of Glucose having a higher energy level than Pyruvate?
Energy becomes available for direct creation of ATP
How is ATP formed from the intermediate 3C compounds
Phosphate from the intermediate compounds is transferred to ADP
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
Energy for the formation of ATP comes from the substrates. The intermediate compounds are substrates.
What is the next stage of respiration dependent on (Pyruvate)
The availability of oxygen.
When NAD+ is reduced what does it form?
NADH (Gains an electron and hydrogen and takes away plus charge)
How many times is ATP used up?
Two times.
- First stage where glucose breaks down to Fructose as phosphorylation occurs where the hydrogen on the glucose is replaced by phosphate on the ATP.
- Phosphate group attaches to Fructose.
What is Fructose phosphate divided into
2 3 Carbon chains
When does dehydogenrase occur?
Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
-H added
How is ATP made? How many are made?
3-carbon chains release phosphate and give to ADP.
4 ATPS
