Activation of T Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens after the macrophage engulfs biological material?

A

Protein fragments (peptides) from the material become attached to proteins in the cell.

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2
Q

Where are the protein fragments added to?

A

Protein fragments are added to the macrophages cell surface membrane, displayed as ‘non-self’ antigens

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3
Q

What do the antigens on the cell surface of macrophages act as?

A

Antigens presented on the surface of macrophages act as a signal to alert the immune system to the presence of foreign antigens in the body.

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4
Q

What is the name given when macrophages present with non-self peptides on it’s cell surface membrane?

A

Macrophages display non-self peptides are antigen present cells (APCs)

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5
Q

What are T helper cells with a complementary shape called?

A

CD4 receptor

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6
Q

What do the CD4 receptors bind to?

A

Binds to the antigen on the surface of the antigen-presenting cells

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7
Q

How is the CD4 activated? What does it do once it is activated?

A

activated by this binding, each T helper cell divides to produce a clone of active T helper cells and clone of T memory cells

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8
Q

How long do the Second Clones remain the body for? What are the benefits of this?

A

→ Second Clone remains for years or months in the blood → If individual is exposed to the same antigen in the future, their immune system responds more quickly.

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9
Q

Activation of T Cells (6)

A
  1. Bacterium with antigens on surface 2. Bacterium engulfed by macrophage 3. Macrophage presents antigens on it’s surface and becomes an antigen-presenting cell (APC) 4. APC bind to T helper cell with complementary CD4 receptors 5. T helper cell is activated and divides 6. Clone of T memory cells is produced + Clone of active T helper cells
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