7.5 Effects of Exercise on Immunity Flashcards
What type of immune systems are both effected by both moderate and excessive exercise?
Non-specific + specific immune systems=both affected by both moderate and excessive exercise.
Moderate Exercise
•Increases the number and activity of a type of lymphocyte called natural killer cells (found in blood and lymph).
Do not use specific antigen recognition
What do Natural Killer Cells provide?
• Provide non-specific immunity against cells invaded by viruses and cancerous cells.
How are Natural Killer Cells activated?
Activated by several ways: cytokines and interferon’s.
What cells do they target?
• They target cells that are not displaying self-markers.
What protein do Natural Killer Cells release? What do these proteins do?
Killer cells release a protein perforin.
Makes pores in the targeted cell membrane.
What happens when pores are created by perforin?
Pores allow other molecules such as proteases to enter and cause apoptosis (death of the cell and all it’s contents).
During Vigrous exercise what cells do numbers and activity fall in?
- Natural Killer Cells
- Phagocytes
- B cells
- T cells
What is a result of a decrease in the number and activity of the specific immune cells?
Specific immune system is depressed
What does a decrease in the number of helper T cells?
Decrease in helper T cells=reduces amount of cytokines available to activate lymphocytes.
Reduces quantity of antibody produced.
What response occurs in the muscle fibers and what is it caused by? What is the consequence of this response?
Inflammatory response occurs in the muscle fibres caused by heavy exercise and reduces the available non-specific immune response.
What does physical exercise and psychological stress cause on the body?
Physical exercise + psychological stress causes secretion of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol.
Where are hormones secreted?
Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands
What are hormones known to do?
Hormones are known to suppress the immune system.
