7.5 Effects of Exercise on Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of immune systems are both effected by both moderate and excessive exercise?

A

Non-specific + specific immune systems=both affected by both moderate and excessive exercise.

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2
Q

Moderate Exercise

A

•Increases the number and activity of a type of lymphocyte called natural killer cells (found in blood and lymph).

Do not use specific antigen recognition

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3
Q

What do Natural Killer Cells provide?

A

• Provide non-specific immunity against cells invaded by viruses and cancerous cells.

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4
Q

How are Natural Killer Cells activated?

A

Activated by several ways: cytokines and interferon’s.

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5
Q

What cells do they target?

A

• They target cells that are not displaying self-markers.

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6
Q

What protein do Natural Killer Cells release? What do these proteins do?

A

Killer cells release a protein perforin.

Makes pores in the targeted cell membrane.

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7
Q

What happens when pores are created by perforin?

A

Pores allow other molecules such as proteases to enter and cause apoptosis (death of the cell and all it’s contents).

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8
Q

During Vigrous exercise what cells do numbers and activity fall in?

A
  • Natural Killer Cells
    • Phagocytes
    • B cells
    • T cells
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9
Q

What is a result of a decrease in the number and activity of the specific immune cells?

A

Specific immune system is depressed

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10
Q

What does a decrease in the number of helper T cells?

A

Decrease in helper T cells=reduces amount of cytokines available to activate lymphocytes.
Reduces quantity of antibody produced.

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11
Q

What response occurs in the muscle fibers and what is it caused by? What is the consequence of this response?

A

Inflammatory response occurs in the muscle fibres caused by heavy exercise and reduces the available non-specific immune response.

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12
Q

What does physical exercise and psychological stress cause on the body?

A

Physical exercise + psychological stress causes secretion of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol.

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13
Q

Where are hormones secreted?

A

Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands

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14
Q

What are hormones known to do?

A

Hormones are known to suppress the immune system.

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