7.3 Cardiac Output

Question 1

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 1

The volume of blood pumped bu the heart in one mintue.

Question 2

What is Cardiac Output dependent on?

Answer 2

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle (Stroke volume) and the heart rate.

Question 3

Cardiac Output (CO) Calculation

Answer 3

Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)

Question 4

What is stroke volume?

Answer 4

The stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each time the ventricle contracts.
Measured in cm^3

Question 5

What is venous return? How does exercise effect venous return?

Answer 5

The amount of blood the heart pumps out with each contraction is dependent on how much blood is filing the heart, the volume of blood returning to the heart from the body.

Exercise=greater muscle action=more blood returns to the heart=venous return.

Question 6

What does the Diastole do during exercise size? What is the effect on heart muscle, stroke volume and cardiac output?

Answer 6

Diastole during excerise the heart fills with a larger volume of blood.
Heart muscle stretched to a greater extent, causing it to contract with a greater force=more blood is expelled.
Increases stroke volume and cardiac output.

Question 7

What is the artery in the wrist called?

Answer 7

Radial artery.

Question 8

What is the artery in the neck called?

Answer 8

Carotid artery.

Question 9

What is the effect of having a larger heart on heart rate?

Answer 9

Larger heart=lower resting heart rate.
Expel more blood with each beat and so does not have to beat as frequently to circulate the same volume of blood around the body.

Question 10

What does endurance training do?

Answer 10

Endurance training=lower resting heart rate largely due to an increase in the size of the heart, resulting from thickening of heat muscle walls.

Question 11

What are the factors that cause differences in resting heart rate?

Answer 11

1. Different size.
   
   2. Differences in body size.
   3. Genetic factors.