Calcium metabolism Flashcards
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Drug Toxicity
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidsm
- Osteomalacia
- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis
- Lymphoma
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplase 1
- Addison’s Disease
- Myeloma
- Normal
- Sarcoidosis
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- FHH (Familial Hypercalciuric Hypercalcaemia)
A 22-year-old rugby player wearing a Halo brace after recent spinal surgery presents with increased urinary frequency and malaise. His calcium is 2.64.
Normal
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Drug Toxicity
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidsm
- Osteomalacia
- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis
- Lymphoma
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplase 1
- Addison’s Disease
- Myeloma
- Normal
- Sarcoidosis
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- FHH (Familial Hypercalciuric Hypercalcaemia)
A 62-year-old gentleman presents with backache, fatigue and increased urinary frequency. Biochemistry reveals a calcium of 3.12 and a high ESR.
Myeloma
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Drug Toxicity
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidsm
- Osteomalacia
- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis
- Lymphoma
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplase 1
- Addison’s Disease
- Myeloma
- Normal
- Sarcoidosis
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- FHH (Familial Hypercalciuric Hypercalcaemia)
A 45 year old lady with long-term bipolar disease has a calcium of 2.71 on routine bloods.
Drug Toxicity
Lithium can have this effect (hyper/hypo para/thyroidism)
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Drug Toxicity
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidsm
- Osteomalacia
- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis
- Lymphoma
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplase 1
- Addison’s Disease
- Myeloma
- Normal
- Sarcoidosis
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- FHH (Familial Hypercalciuric Hypercalcaemia)
A 35-year-old lady presents with erythema nodosum and a cough. A chest radiograph reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Biochemistry reveals a serum calcium of 2.61
Sarcoidosis
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Drug Toxicity
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidsm
- Osteomalacia
- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis
- Lymphoma
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplase 1
- Addison’s Disease
- Myeloma
- Normal
- Sarcoidosis
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- FHH (Familial Hypercalciuric Hypercalcaemia)
A 70-year-old male with end stage renal failure. Calcium levels of 3.2 and a raised phosphate and PTH are found.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Myeloma
- Lymphoma
- ‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome
- Paget’s Disease
- Thiazide diuretics
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Sarcoidosis
- Iatrogenic
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Bisphosphonates toxicity
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Lithium toxicity
- Acute pancreatitis
A 67 year old gentleman presents in clinic with fever, night sweats and weight loss. On further examination, he was found to have generalised lymphadenopathy.
Lymphoma
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Myeloma
- Lymphoma
- ‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome
- Paget’s Disease
- Thiazide diuretics
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Sarcoidosis
- Iatrogenic
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Bisphosphonates toxicity
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Lithium toxicity
- Acute pancreatitis
A 23 year old female presents with anxiety, nausea, light-headedness when standing upright. Further examination reveals low blood pressure when standing and hyperpigmentation of the skin. Her blood test shows hypercalcaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and hypoglycaemia.
Addison’s disease
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Myeloma
- Lymphoma
- ‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome
- Paget’s Disease
- Thiazide diuretics
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Sarcoidosis
- Iatrogenic
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Bisphosphonates toxicity
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Lithium toxicity
- Acute pancreatitis
Ms. Greene, 35yrs of age, currently on treatment for bipolar disorder presented in clinic complaining of weight gain, nausea and headache. On examination, a fine tremor was noted.
Lithium toxicity
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Myeloma
- Lymphoma
- ‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome
- Paget’s Disease
- Thiazide diuretics
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Sarcoidosis
- Iatrogenic
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Bisphosphonates toxicity
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Lithium toxicity
- Acute pancreatitis
Mr. Smith with previous history of dyspepsia presented with abdominal pain, fatigue and altered mental status. Routine blood test reveal hypercalcaemia.
‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome
Choose the most appropriate answer from the list
- Myeloma
- Lymphoma
- ‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome
- Paget’s Disease
- Thiazide diuretics
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Sarcoidosis
- Iatrogenic
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Bisphosphonates toxicity
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Lithium toxicity
- Acute pancreatitis
A 59 year old woman complaining of muscle cramps, irritability and restlessness. She is currently on medication for hypertension and routine blood tests reveal glucose levels of 10mmol/L, raised cholesterol, Na+125mmol/L, K+ 2.9mmol/L and Ca2+ 3.0mmol/L
Thiazide diuretics