C5: Excretory System

Question 1

within the colon,
-is the waste solid/ hydrophobic/ hydrophilic?
- was the material eaten?
- is there material that was absorbed?
- is there material that was dissolved in the blood?

Answer 1

• solid
• yes
• no
• no

Question 2

within the liver,
-is the waste solid/ hydrophobic/ hydrophilic?
- was the material eaten?
- is there material that was absorbed?
- is there material that was dissolved in the blood?

Answer 2

• hydrophobic
• yes
• yes
• no

Question 3

within the kidney,
-is the waste solid/ hydrophobic/ hydrophilic?
- was the material eaten?
- is there material that was absorbed?
- is there material that was dissolved in the blood?

Answer 3

• hydrophilic
• yes
• yes
• yes

Question 4

describe the structure of urinary organs

Answer 4

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Question 5

• what is filtration?
• how does it work in the kidney?
• what is filtrate?
• filtrate comes from ____ and becomes ____

Answer 5

• moving a substance across a membrane using pressure
• moving blood plasma across a capillary wall using blood pressure
• fluid in the nephron tubule (pre-urine)
• blood plasma; urine

Question 6

within bowman’s capsule,
what does the afferent arteriole do?

Answer 6

supplies blood to the glomerus (brings in dirty blood)

Question 7

within bowman’s capsule,
what does the efferent arteriole do?

Answer 7

where filtered blood leaves the glomerulus (takes away clean blood)

Question 8

• within bowman’s capsule,
  what does the glomerular basement membrane do?
• what can pass?
• what can’t?

Answer 8

• allows small molecules to pass from blood to filtrate
• water, ions, glucose, amino acids, urea
• proteins, cells

Question 9

describe bowman’s capsule

Answer 9

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Question 10

• describe reabsorption
• secretion
• what is the role of ions within absorption and secretion?

Answer 10

• move a substance from the filtrate into the blood
• move a substance from the blood into the filtrate
• can be absorbed/ secreted depending on homeostasis

Question 11

nephron

Answer 11

a multicellular structure and the functional unit of the renal system

Question 12

describe reabsorption and secretion in the nephron

Answer 12

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Question 13

for the following hormones, describe their functions:
- aldosterone
- calcitonin
- PTH
- ADH, what is it AKA?

Answer 13

• increases Na+ reabsorption
• decreases Ca2+ reabsorption
• increases Ca2+ reabsorption
• AKA vasopressin, increases H2O reabsorption

Question 14

describe hormone function in the nephron

Answer 14

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Question 15

how is homeostasis re-established when pH is too high (basic)?
- when pH is too low (acidic)?

Answer 15

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