C3: Inheritance Patterns Flashcards
what is autosomal inheritance?
affects males and females equally, coded on autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)
what is an autosomal dominant phenotype?
- under this condition, would the genotype AA be affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- what about the Aa genotype?
- what about the aa genotype?
when the dominant allele is the one that causes the effect
- affected
- affected
- wild type
what is an autosomal recessive phenotype?
- under this condition, would the genotype AA be affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- what about the Aa genotype?
- what about the aa genotype?
when the recessive allele is the one that causes the effect
- wild type
- wild type “carrier” (they still carry the recessive allele and can pass it onto offspring)
- affected
what are the sex chromosomes of males and females respectively?
males: XY
-females: XX
- Y- linked traits are ___ and only affect ____
- the affected dad has affected ____
- ____ dad has wild type sons
- rare; males
- sons
- wild type
- X- linked recessive traits affect ____ more than ____
- affected males inherit from their ____
- affected daughters must have an affected ____
- affected females have 100% affected ____
- males; females
- mom
- father
- sons
what are 2 common examples of X-linked recessive traits?
red green color- blindness and hemophilia
the following genotype:
XAY shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?
- male
- affected
- wild type
the following genotype:
XaY shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?
- male
- wild type
- affected
the following genotype:
XAXA shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?
- female
- affected
- wild type
the following genotype:
XAXa shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?
- female
- affected
- wild type “carrier”
the following genotype:
XaXa shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?
- female
- wild type
- affected
in regard to inheritance patterns, describe a summary of all traits
CHECK FOLDER
- what is mitochondrial inheritance?
- a haploid ____ with 1 set of nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA + a ____ with 1 set of nuclear chromosomes = a ____ zygote with ….
- means that every human gets their mitochondrial genome from their mother
- ovum; sperm; diploid; 2 sets of nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA from ovum
what is a pedigree?
- what are the 5 rules on how to pedigrees?
charts depicting the inheritance of a trait
- 1. males are represented by squares, females by circles
2. a cross between a male and female is represented by a horizontal line connecting them
3. offspring from a cross are connected to their parents by a vertical line and to each other by a horizontal line with vertical branches for each sibling
4. offspring of unknown gender (unborn children) are represented by a diamond shape
5. individuals with a trait being studied are shaded in, unaffected individuals are not