C3: Inheritance Patterns Flashcards

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1
Q

what is autosomal inheritance?

A

affects males and females equally, coded on autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)

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2
Q

what is an autosomal dominant phenotype?
- under this condition, would the genotype AA be affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- what about the Aa genotype?
- what about the aa genotype?

A

when the dominant allele is the one that causes the effect
- affected
- affected
- wild type

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3
Q

what is an autosomal recessive phenotype?
- under this condition, would the genotype AA be affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- what about the Aa genotype?
- what about the aa genotype?

A

when the recessive allele is the one that causes the effect
- wild type
- wild type “carrier” (they still carry the recessive allele and can pass it onto offspring)
- affected

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4
Q

what are the sex chromosomes of males and females respectively?

A

males: XY
-females: XX

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5
Q
  • Y- linked traits are ___ and only affect ____
  • the affected dad has affected ____
  • ____ dad has wild type sons
A
  • rare; males
  • sons
  • wild type
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6
Q
  • X- linked recessive traits affect ____ more than ____
  • affected males inherit from their ____
  • affected daughters must have an affected ____
  • affected females have 100% affected ____
A
  • males; females
  • mom
  • father
  • sons
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7
Q

what are 2 common examples of X-linked recessive traits?

A

red green color- blindness and hemophilia

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8
Q

the following genotype:
XAY shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

A
  • male
  • affected
  • wild type
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9
Q

the following genotype:
XaY shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

A
  • male
  • wild type
  • affected
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10
Q

the following genotype:
XAXA shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

A
  • female
  • affected
  • wild type
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11
Q

the following genotype:
XAXa shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

A
  • female
  • affected
  • wild type “carrier”
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12
Q

the following genotype:
XaXa shows…
- which sex?
- is the x linked dominant phenotype affected/ unaffected/ wild type?
- is the x linked recessive phenotype affected/unaffected/ wild type?

A
  • female
  • wild type
  • affected
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13
Q

in regard to inheritance patterns, describe a summary of all traits

A

CHECK FOLDER

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14
Q
  • what is mitochondrial inheritance?
  • a haploid ____ with 1 set of nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA + a ____ with 1 set of nuclear chromosomes = a ____ zygote with ….
A
  • means that every human gets their mitochondrial genome from their mother
  • ovum; sperm; diploid; 2 sets of nuclear chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA from ovum
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15
Q

what is a pedigree?
- what are the 5 rules on how to pedigrees?

A

charts depicting the inheritance of a trait
- 1. males are represented by squares, females by circles
2. a cross between a male and female is represented by a horizontal line connecting them
3. offspring from a cross are connected to their parents by a vertical line and to each other by a horizontal line with vertical branches for each sibling
4. offspring of unknown gender (unborn children) are represented by a diamond shape
5. individuals with a trait being studied are shaded in, unaffected individuals are not

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