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C1: Cell Respiration (Ch. 3) Flashcards

Class 1

1
Q

in oxidation, what happens to oxygen?
- hydrogen?
- electrons?

A
  • increase in O
  • decrease in H
  • decrease in e- aka OIL
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2
Q

in reduction, what happens to oxygen?
- hydrogen?
- electrons?

A
  • decrease in O
  • increase in H
  • increase in e- aka RIG
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3
Q

where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotes?
- does it require oxygen?

A
  • cytosol
  • no
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4
Q

where do PDC and Krebs cycle occur in eukaryotes?
- does it require oxygen?

A
  • mitochondrial matrix
  • yes but indirectly, it will not happen if the ETC does not happen
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5
Q

where does ETC occur in eukaryotes?
- does it require oxygen?

A
  • inner mitochondrial matrix
  • yes
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6
Q

what is the first step of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis

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7
Q

describe the process of glycolysis

A
  • SEE GLYCOLYSIS SLIDE ON IPAD *
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8
Q

in glycolysis, what is the committed step?

A

the phosphorylation of fructose 6P by phosphofructokinase

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9
Q

what is the net gain of glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

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10
Q

in cell respiration, is glucose oxidized or reduced?

A

oxidized

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11
Q

what is the 2nd step of cellular respiration?
- what is it aka?
- describe the rxn. what is oxidized and what is reduced?
- how many times is this rxn run per glucose?
- what is the purpose of this step?

A
  • pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)
  • aka acetyl coA formation
  • a 3C pyruvate is converted to a 2C acetyl coA by the reduction rxn of NAD+ to NADH and the oxidation rxn of CoA to CO2
  • this rxn happens twice per glucose
  • purpose is a change in carbon currency, pyruvate is not as usable as acetyl coA
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12
Q

what happens after the PDC step of cellular respiration?
- what is it aka?
- describe the rxn.
- how many times is this rxn run per glucose?
- what is the mnemonic for this process? what does it stand for?

A
  • krebs cycle
  • aka citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle TCA
  • a 2C acetyl CoA (from PDC) reacts w a 4C oxaloacetate to make a 6C citrate
  • happens twice per glucose
  • Nac Nac Ga Fa Na: NADH CO2, NADH CO2, GTP, FADH2, NADH
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13
Q

krebs cycle and cell respiration in general are promoted when….

A

there are high levels of ADP which happens when a cell is in a low energy state

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14
Q

what happens to the krebs cycle or cellular respiration in general when there are high levels of NADH and ATP?

A

both processes will be inhibited because krebs cycle makes NADH and cellular respiration makes ATP, products of rxns are more likely to feedback inhibit a rxn rather than stimulate it further

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15
Q

where does the tricarboxylic acid cycle NOT take place?

A

erythrocytes AKA red blood cells

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16
Q

what is the last step of cellular respiration?
describe the process

A

ETC and oxidative phosphorylation
* SEE ETC AND OP (1) SLIDE ON IPAD *

17
Q
  • how many CO2 are produced per glucose in cellular respiration for prokaryotes? eukaryotes?
  • in what stages of cellular respiration specifically are these CO2 molecules produced?
A
  • 6 CO2 for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • 2 CO2 are produced in the PDC and 4 in the krebs cycle
18
Q

how many ATP are produced per glucose in cellular respiration for prokaryotes? eukaryotes?

A

in prokaryotes 32 and in eukaryotes 30

19
Q

why do prokaryotes make more ATP than eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes have to shuttle electrons from NADH into the ETC at the cost of some energy

20
Q

what is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

21
Q

what is cytochrome c?
- what is its role in the ETC?
- besides its role in the ETC, what else is it involved in?

A
  • a small hemeprotein that is associated w the inner membrane of the mitochondria
  • it performs a redox rxn but does not transfer any protons across the inner mitochondrial mem
  • initiation of apoptosis
22
Q

what is fermentation?
- under these conditions, can a cell run ETC, Krebs, PDC, or glycolysis?
- what is the problem w this?
- what are the 2 solutions to this?

A
  • an anaerobic respiration process, meaning low/no oxygen is required. it is glycolysis in the absence of oxygen
  • only glycolysis
  • without ETC, no NADH is made and NAD+ is needed to run glycolysis
  • in human muscle cells, the conversion of 3C pyruvate to 3C lactate which converts NADH to NAD+. in yeast, the conversion of 3C pyruvate to 2C ethanol and CO2 which also converts NADH to NAD+.
23
Q

how much ATP is produced during fermentation?

A

2 moles per mole of glucose

24
Q

what is faculative anaerobe?

A

can act as an aerobic/ anaerobic organism depending on its enviornment

25
Q

what molecule produces the most ATP per carbon when fully oxidized to CO2?

A

triacylglycerol

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