C1. Digestive physiology of Pig

Question 1

Dental formula of Pig

Answer 1

3143/3143. (44 permanent teeth)

Question 2

True for the intestinal tract? And how long and capacity?

Answer 2

Thet are true omnivorous
GI: 14 x body length
Total capacity: 25-27 l

Question 3

TT?

Answer 3

Longer than in broiler, better utilization

Btw 20-40h

Question 4

Salivary glands?

Function?

Answer 4

3 pairs; Parotid. Mandibular, sublingual

Function;

• Lubrication, solubilization of food
• Akaline buffering (mucine and inorganic salts)
• Digestion (enzymes)
• Evaporative cooling

Question 5

Stomach anatomy

Answer 5

Pars esophagea (non-glandular) area with stratified squamous epithelium
Pars glandularis

Ulcers are common in esophageal part, cause; size of feed, and low fibre diets

Question 6

pH of the stomach?

Answer 6

Acidic - Btw 3-5

First 4-6 weeks. (higher). Digestion is limited

Question 7

Protein digestion

Answer 7

Pariental cells excrete pepsinogen, pepsinogen activated to pepsin
Catepsin, kitinase (pH2)

Trypsin, chymptrypsin, carboxipeptidase (pancreas)

Question 8

Carbohydrate digestion

Answer 8

Newborn; Lactase digest Lactose

• bacterial fermentation of lactose producing lactic acid and lowers pH
• Lactid acid has a negative impact on HCl secretion
• by introducing solif feed, decreases the lactic acid conc, and stimulate HCl

Amylase (starch-CH )
Lipase (fat)

Question 9

Intestinal digestion?;

Answer 9

Pancreatic juice+bile+ intestinal wall secretions

Question 10

Brunner’s glands

Answer 10

Brunner’s glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum. They secrete an alkaline fluid containing mucin- rich alkaline

• Which protects the mucosa from the acidic stomach
• Alkaline condition for intestinal enzymes
• lubricate the intestinal walls

Question 11

Disaccarhidase?

Dipeptidases?

Answer 11

lactase, maltase sucrase –> disaccharides

oligopeptisase–> peptids

Question 12

Effect of nutrition and environment on the functionality of the GI tract?

Answer 12

• High starch diet – adaptation with increasing amylase secretion

High protein diet - adaptation with increasing chymotrypsin secretion

High fat diet - adaptation with increasing lipase secretion

Environmental factors: temperature

Question 13

Comparison of pancreatic secretion

Answer 13

Amylase production compared to horse IU/mg protein
2.3 horse
107 in pig

Question 14

Functions of the Large Intestine

Answer 14

Absorption (secretion)
o	water and electrolyte
Bacterial fermentation
o	fiber: DM 3-5%
o	breaking down of cellulose
Waste storage

Question 15

Caecum and large intestine?

Answer 15

End products of bacterial fermentations are SCFAs (mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate)

pH (stability of microbiota)

SCFAs partly metabolized in the intestinal cells, main part is absorbed – energy source in oxidative processes

Question 16

Energy sources;
• Starch digestion: small intestine

• Fiber fermentation: large colon
Bacterial fermentation

Answer 16

Amylase – disaharidase – glucose (glycogen)

20% of maintenance energy
acetate (propionate: glyconeogenetic, butyrate for intestinal cells)