B25.The Most Important Metabolic Troubles of Poultries

Question 1

Meat producing poultries

Answer 1

1. Early mortality of Day – Old Chicks
2. Acute Death Syndrome
3. Malabsorption Syndrome
4. Ascites syndrome
5. Skeletal disorders
   o Rickets
   o Perosis
   o Torsion of the Tibia
   o Dyschondroplasia

Question 2

Laying hen

Answer 2

1. Cage layer fatique

2. Fatty liver Haemorrhagic syndrome

Question 3

Early mortality of Day – Old Chicks

Answer 3

Die suddenly in very high numbers
Causes;
1. Infectious disease ( E. coli and salmonella )
2. Nutritional diseases (Parent diet has mineral and vitamin deficiencies that means that the egg yolk is poor in the same nutrients
3. Management causes: (Temperature, air humidity, stock density, feeders/drinkers)

Trouble getting out of the egg

Question 4

Acute death syndrome

Answer 4

 Generally, broiler chicks of large breeds that are affected. (usually male broilers )
 Common in 3rd to 4th week.
The chickens will flip over and die

Cause;
Heard dysfunction (too small for chick)
Cardiovascular disease
Stress
Allometric growth.

Question 5

Malabsorption syndrome

“helicopter disease”, runting stunting

Answer 5

Usually, broiler chick and turkeys are affected
Symptoms show by day 4 – 7;
- uneven growth, weak legs, less pigmentation, diarrhoea

Causes;
Viral enteritis, bacterial enteritis
non infectious; heat stress, antinutrients mycotoxins

Poor absorption

Question 6

Ascites syndrome

pulmonary hypertension syndrome, water belly

Answer 6

Mainly broiler males of around 3 weeks are affected;

Cause;
heart failure, climate, intensive feeding, mycotoxins

Question 7

RICKETS (Juvenile osteomalatia)

Answer 7

soft bones
 Chicks develop rubbery bones that cannot support the body weight
 Can be caused by deficiencies of Ca, Vitamin D, Vitamin K or an imbalanced Ca:P ratio

Question 8

PEROSIS

Answer 8

Can be a chondrodystrophy secondary to certain nutritional deficiency;
Choline, biotin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and manganese

Process: Retarded growth of long bones –> Thickening of tibio- metatarsal joint –> twisting of distal tibia and proximal metatarsus –> slipping of gastrocnemius from its condyles.

Question 9

TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA

Answer 9

 Failure of differentiation of chondrocytes and therefor abnormal cartilage development in the proximal end of tibia.

	Influencing factors
o	Rapid growth 
o	Ca:P ratio in feed 
o	Excess Cl in feed leading to metabolic acidosis 
o	Copper deficient diet 
o	Fusarium contamination of the diet.

Question 10

Cage Layer Fatigue

Answer 10

More likely to develop during peak laying period and hens kept in battery cages.

Osteoparalysis in high producing caged hens

Lack of calcium = Inability to stand up, inability to eat, spontaneous fractures, and thin eggshells.
 Death is a result of dehydration and starvation
 The cause is likely to be disorders of Ca metabolism
 Treatment: Supplementation of Ca together with Vitamin D and Vitamin C (helps with activation of Vitamin D and bone mineralization)

Question 11

Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome

Answer 11

Disturbance of fat metabolism in high producing laying hens

Cause: Intensive de novo synthesis of fat in the liver

Predisposing factors

• Rations rich In carbohydrates
• High egg production
• Little physical activity