B1. Feed (Pasture, Grain) Associated Laminitis in Horses

Question 1

Cause

Generally: Diseases leading to hyperinsulinemia

Answer 1

•	Overfeeding carbohydrates (Starch or fructose (oligofructose)
•	Diet change
•	Genetics (ponies, dressagehorses, horses feed on low grains)
•	Drugs; corticosteroids
•	Lack of exercise 
•	Diseases 
o	Insulin dysregulation
o	PPID/ cushings

Question 2

Types

Answer 2

1) Diseases associated with sepsis or endotoxemia
2) Endocrinopathy laminitis encompassing equine metabolic syndrome (including pasture-associated laminitis) and pituitary adenoma
3) supporting limb laminitis.

Question 3

Systemic –> sepsis or endotoxemia

Answer 3

Overfeeding with grains
Associated with gram-negative bacterial (or polymicrobial) sepsis and include ingestion of excess carbohydrate (grain overload),

Alternating the microbial flora, enhancing lactic acid production, lowering the intraluminal pH and increasing intestinal permeability and osmotic pressure

Endotoxins into circulation and hoof

Question 4

Endocrine (EMS)

Answer 4

Obesity → Insulin resistance → Increased glucose amount extracellularly
-The cells can no longer take up glucose and utilize it

It decreases the amount of glucose getting into hoof tissue cells, which could starve them and hamper their function.