B18. Dietetics of Congestive Heart Failure (Dogs, Cats)

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

In case of heart failure –> performance of the heart decreases –> and renal blood flow will decrease
–> Resulting in release of renin
Angiotensin I will be converted to Angiotensin II

Angiotensin will cause:
o Vasoconstriction: BP and after load will increase
o Aldosterone release: Water and sodium retention – increase preload
o ADH release: Water retention – increase preload
o Salt hunger and thirst – increase preload

Question 2

Clinical consequences

Answer 2

Retention of sodium and water leading to an increase in preload.
This leads to an increased load on the heart and cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Question 3

Nutritional management

- Nutrients in diet should be

Answer 3

Low salt: 0.1% (will make the food less palatable)
Vitamin B and K supplement
Protein: +/-
Additives: L – carnithine (dog) & Carnitine (cat)
Antioxidants