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541 (sex class) > BSE > Flashcards

BSE Flashcards

1
Q

how does nutrition differ between prepuberty and puberty in bulls?

A

prepuberty; high nutrition diet
puberty: feed to requirements

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2
Q

what is the most common bull:cow ratio?

A

1:20, 1:30

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3
Q

what goes into selecting bulls?

A
  • expected progeny differences (EPDs)
  • breed
  • conformation
  • herd improvement goals vs terminal sires
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4
Q

what are expected progeny differences (EPDs)?

A

evaluation of an animal’s genetic merit
compare bulls to their breed standard

calving, growth, carcass, maternal

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5
Q

what are the calving EPDs

A
  • calving ease direct (CED): % unassisted (we want high number)
  • maternal calving ease (CEM) = bull to sire heifers that calve on their own (we want high number)
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6
Q

why perform BSE yearly?

A
  • 1/5 bulls est. to be sub fertile
  • greatest economic loss = sub fertile bulls and delayed conception
  • 80% cows bred by 2 or more bulls
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7
Q

what is fertility? like what components go into it?

A

good libido, physical soundness, good semen quality

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8
Q

how can you test libido of a bull?

A

serving capacity: number of matings a bull is willing and able to perform in a test situation

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9
Q

what are the downsides to using serving capacity to test libido of a bull?

A

not accurate in yearlings, influenced by dominance, not welfare friendly to female recipients

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10
Q

what are the components of a BSE?

A
  1. PE
  2. internal genitalia exam
  3. external genitalia exam
  4. semen evaluation
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11
Q

what do you look at during your PE for BSE?

A

overall health, BCS, leg conformation, foot/claw conformation

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12
Q

what are you looking at during your internal genitalia exam for BSE?

A

vesicular glands, ampullae, inguinal rings

want to make sure they’re not hot, firm, swollen, not too big, no intestines coming out, etc

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13
Q

what are you looking at during your external genitalia exam for BSE?

A

scrot, testes, epididymides, spermatic cord, penis, prepuce

testiclar palp: freely moveable, equal size and consistency, turgid and prominent epididymides

scrotal circumference measurement: bigger scrotum = better sperm and offspring will reach puberty sooner… we want >30-32 cm

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14
Q

what are we looking for in a scrotal circumference measurement?

A

> 30-32cm

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15
Q

what are the 2 main things we’re looking at during the sperm eval?

A

motility and morphology

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16
Q

we want a _____ slide for sperm eval

A

heated

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17
Q

tell me about gross swirling motility scores of sperm

A

VG: rapid dark swirls
G: slower swirls and eddies
F: no swirls, but prominent individual cell motion
P: little or no individual cell motion

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18
Q

what is the ideal progressively motile sperm number?

A

> 30% PMS

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19
Q

in terms of sperm morphology, what is the ideal number we want?

A

> 70% normal

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20
Q

list the 10 sperm morph defects we have to know

A
  • detached heads
  • knobbed acrosome
  • nuclear vacuole defect
  • pyriform-shaped head
  • microcephalic
  • macrocephalic
  • dag defect
  • cytoplasmic droplet
  • bent tail
  • distal mid piece reflex
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21
Q

what do detached heads look like?

A
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22
Q

what sperm detect is this?

A

detached heads

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23
Q

detached heads are assoc with what?

A

defective development of sperm head

found in bulls following sexual rest

may be hereditary

24
Q

what do knobbed acrosomes look like?

A

flattened indented head

25
what is this sperm defect?
knobbed acrosome
26
what are knobbed acrosomes assoc with?
stress, abnormal thermoreg
27
what do nuclear vacuole defects look like?
vacuoles along acrosome-nuclear cap junction
28
what sperm defect is this?
nuclear vacuole defect
29
what is the most commonly missed defect? in sperm
nuclear vacuole defect
30
large numbers of nuclear vacuole defects are assoc with what?
infertility
31
what sperm defect is this?
pyriform head
32
what are pyriform heads of sperm assoc with?
high numbers decrease fertilization environmental heat stress
33
what are micro/macro cephalic heads of sperm?
literally heads that are too big or too small rarely found
34
what is a dag defect? what breed is it from?
folding of tail, fracture of mid piece Danish Jersey bull
35
what sperm defect is this?
Dag defect
36
dag defects are assoc with what?
heridary or diet related (Zn or autosomal recessive) >50% can cause fertility issues
37
what is the most common defect found in young bulls?
cytoplasmic droplet
38
what do cytoplasmic droplets in sperm look like?
39
tell me the difference between proximal and distal cytoplasmic droplets in spemr
proximal: abnormal --> decreased fertilization but normal embryogenesis distal; not as significant
40
what sperm defect is this?
cytoplasmic droplet
41
what sperm defect is this?
bent tail
42
what are bent tails indicative of?
improper handling of semen sample (hypotonic sol such as staining) minor defect
43
what do bent tail sperms look like?
44
what is the most common abnormality of the mid-piece?
distal mid piece reflex
45
what does a distal mid piece reflex sperm defect look like?
46
what is this sperm defect?
distal mid piece reflex
47
how can you tell the difference between bent tails and distal mid piece reflexes?
bent tail: no cytoplasmic droplet distal midpiecE: often cytoplasmic droplet in bend
48
distal mid piece reflexes are heritable in what breed? what are they assoc with?
Jerseys thermal insult of testes
49
what are the inherited sperm defects?
- knobbed acrosomes - ruffled acrosomes - abnormal DNA condensation - decapitated sperm defec t - rolled head/giant head defect - dag defect - tail stump defect - distal mid piece reflex???
50
true or false: a satisfactory potential breeder guarantees fertility
false!!!! it does NOT
51
what are the two venereal diseases we need to know?
- Trichomonas foetus - Campylobacter fetus sp. venerealis (Vibrio)
52
what are the C/S of trichomoniasis?
EED --> return to estrus, extended breeding seasons, poor preg rates
53
how do you tx trichomoniasis?
purchase virgin bulls, testing and culling
54
tell me about trichomoniasis transission
bull --> cow --> bull embeds in epithelial folds of penis/prepuce
55
bulls are ______ carriers of campylobacter fetus sp venerelis. what is the difference in ages of bulls and their carrier status of this disease?
asymptomatic young: resistant to infection and can clear older >4yo: chronic carriers
56
what are the C/S of campylobacter fetus venerealis
vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, irregular and delayed return to restrus, EED, abortion 4-7mo gestation

541 (sex class) (22 decks)

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