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541 (sex class) > BSE > Flashcards

BSE Flashcards

1
Q

how does nutrition differ between prepuberty and puberty in bulls?

A

prepuberty; high nutrition diet
puberty: feed to requirements

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2
Q

what is the most common bull:cow ratio?

A

1:20, 1:30

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3
Q

what goes into selecting bulls?

A
  • expected progeny differences (EPDs)
  • breed
  • conformation
  • herd improvement goals vs terminal sires
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4
Q

what are expected progeny differences (EPDs)?

A

evaluation of an animal’s genetic merit
compare bulls to their breed standard

calving, growth, carcass, maternal

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5
Q

what are the calving EPDs

A
  • calving ease direct (CED): % unassisted (we want high number)
  • maternal calving ease (CEM) = bull to sire heifers that calve on their own (we want high number)
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6
Q

why perform BSE yearly?

A
  • 1/5 bulls est. to be sub fertile
  • greatest economic loss = sub fertile bulls and delayed conception
  • 80% cows bred by 2 or more bulls
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7
Q

what is fertility? like what components go into it?

A

good libido, physical soundness, good semen quality

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8
Q

how can you test libido of a bull?

A

serving capacity: number of matings a bull is willing and able to perform in a test situation

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9
Q

what are the downsides to using serving capacity to test libido of a bull?

A

not accurate in yearlings, influenced by dominance, not welfare friendly to female recipients

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10
Q

what are the components of a BSE?

A
  1. PE
  2. internal genitalia exam
  3. external genitalia exam
  4. semen evaluation
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11
Q

what do you look at during your PE for BSE?

A

overall health, BCS, leg conformation, foot/claw conformation

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12
Q

what are you looking at during your internal genitalia exam for BSE?

A

vesicular glands, ampullae, inguinal rings

want to make sure they’re not hot, firm, swollen, not too big, no intestines coming out, etc

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13
Q

what are you looking at during your external genitalia exam for BSE?

A

scrot, testes, epididymides, spermatic cord, penis, prepuce

testiclar palp: freely moveable, equal size and consistency, turgid and prominent epididymides

scrotal circumference measurement: bigger scrotum = better sperm and offspring will reach puberty sooner… we want >30-32 cm

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14
Q

what are we looking for in a scrotal circumference measurement?

A

> 30-32cm

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15
Q

what are the 2 main things we’re looking at during the sperm eval?

A

motility and morphology

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16
Q

we want a _____ slide for sperm eval

A

heated

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17
Q

tell me about gross swirling motility scores of sperm

A

VG: rapid dark swirls
G: slower swirls and eddies
F: no swirls, but prominent individual cell motion
P: little or no individual cell motion

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18
Q

what is the ideal progressively motile sperm number?

A

> 30% PMS

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19
Q

in terms of sperm morphology, what is the ideal number we want?

A

> 70% normal

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20
Q

list the 10 sperm morph defects we have to know

A
  • detached heads
  • knobbed acrosome
  • nuclear vacuole defect
  • pyriform-shaped head
  • microcephalic
  • macrocephalic
  • dag defect
  • cytoplasmic droplet
  • bent tail
  • distal mid piece reflex
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21
Q

what do detached heads look like?

A
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22
Q

what sperm detect is this?

A

detached heads

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23
Q

detached heads are assoc with what?

A

defective development of sperm head

found in bulls following sexual rest

may be hereditary

24
Q

what do knobbed acrosomes look like?

A

flattened indented head

25
Q

what is this sperm defect?

A

knobbed acrosome

26
Q

what are knobbed acrosomes assoc with?

A

stress, abnormal thermoreg

27
Q

what do nuclear vacuole defects look like?

A

vacuoles along acrosome-nuclear cap junction

28
Q

what sperm defect is this?

A

nuclear vacuole defect

29
Q

what is the most commonly missed defect? in sperm

A

nuclear vacuole defect

30
Q

large numbers of nuclear vacuole defects are assoc with what?

A

infertility

31
Q

what sperm defect is this?

A

pyriform head

32
Q

what are pyriform heads of sperm assoc with?

A

high numbers decrease fertilization

environmental heat stress

33
Q

what are micro/macro cephalic heads of sperm?

A

literally heads that are too big or too small

rarely found

34
Q

what is a dag defect? what breed is it from?

A

folding of tail, fracture of mid piece

Danish Jersey bull

35
Q

what sperm defect is this?

A

Dag defect

36
Q

dag defects are assoc with what?

A

heridary or diet related (Zn or autosomal recessive)

> 50% can cause fertility issues

37
Q

what is the most common defect found in young bulls?

A

cytoplasmic droplet

38
Q

what do cytoplasmic droplets in sperm look like?

A
39
Q

tell me the difference between proximal and distal cytoplasmic droplets in spemr

A

proximal: abnormal –> decreased fertilization but normal embryogenesis

distal; not as significant

40
Q

what sperm defect is this?

A

cytoplasmic droplet

41
Q

what sperm defect is this?

A

bent tail

42
Q

what are bent tails indicative of?

A

improper handling of semen sample (hypotonic sol such as staining)

minor defect

43
Q

what do bent tail sperms look like?

A
44
Q

what is the most common abnormality of the mid-piece?

A

distal mid piece reflex

45
Q

what does a distal mid piece reflex sperm defect look like?

A
46
Q

what is this sperm defect?

A

distal mid piece reflex

47
Q

how can you tell the difference between bent tails and distal mid piece reflexes?

A

bent tail: no cytoplasmic droplet

distal midpiecE: often cytoplasmic droplet in bend

48
Q

distal mid piece reflexes are heritable in what breed? what are they assoc with?

A

Jerseys
thermal insult of testes

49
Q

what are the inherited sperm defects?

A
  • knobbed acrosomes
  • ruffled acrosomes
  • abnormal DNA condensation
  • decapitated sperm defec t
  • rolled head/giant head defect
  • dag defect
  • tail stump defect
  • distal mid piece reflex???
50
Q

true or false: a satisfactory potential breeder guarantees fertility

A

false!!!! it does NOT

51
Q

what are the two venereal diseases we need to know?

A
  • Trichomonas foetus
  • Campylobacter fetus sp. venerealis (Vibrio)
52
Q

what are the C/S of trichomoniasis?

A

EED –> return to estrus, extended breeding seasons, poor preg rates

53
Q

how do you tx trichomoniasis?

A

purchase virgin bulls, testing and culling

54
Q

tell me about trichomoniasis transission

A

bull –> cow –> bull

embeds in epithelial folds of penis/prepuce

55
Q

bulls are ______ carriers of campylobacter fetus sp venerelis. what is the difference in ages of bulls and their carrier status of this disease?

A

asymptomatic

young: resistant to infection and can clear

older >4yo: chronic carriers

56
Q

what are the C/S of campylobacter fetus venerealis

A

vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, irregular and delayed return to restrus, EED, abortion 4-7mo gestation

541 (sex class) (22 decks)

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