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DAT - Biology > Bootcamp Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Bootcamp Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Differentiate between the cell walls of eubacteria and archaea.

A

Eubacteria - peptidoglycan (esters)

Archaea - lipids in cell wall are linked by ethers

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2
Q

Gram positive vs gram negative bacteria

A

Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall and thus will stain dark purple

Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell wall and will not stain; require a counterstain; will show up pink

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3
Q

The ___ ___ is located between the inner plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram___ bacteria. This same space is located in gram ____ bacteria, except it is located on the outside/

A

periplasmic space, negative, positive

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4
Q

T/F? Both gram positive and negative bacteria contain exotoxin.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

___ _____. are acidic polysaccharides that are found only in gram ____ bacteria.

What is its function?

A

Techoic acids, positive

connect cell wall to peptidoglycan to cell membrane; provides rigidity and structure

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6
Q

What prevents bacteria from drying out?

A

capsule

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7
Q

T/F? Both archaea and eubacteria lack histones and introns.

A

FALSE - archaea contain histones; only eubacteria lack them

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8
Q

What kind of protist do slime molds fall under?

Are they mobile?

What do they feed on? How do they do this?

A

fungus-like; keep in mind that their cell walls are NOT made of chitin

slime molds can be mobile; they contain cilia or flagella

Decaying matter (saprophytic), phagocytosis

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9
Q

Dinoflagellates, diatoms, and euglenoids are examples of what type of protist?

A

plant like protists

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10
Q

Animal like protists are (multicellular/unicellular) and (contain/do not contain) membrane bound organelles.

They are heterotrophic in nature, but tend to be _____ and feed off a host organism.

A

unicellular, contain,

parasitic

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11
Q

Hyphae

A

Long, branching filaments that extend out and form a network with nearby fungi

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12
Q

Mycelium

A

a bunch of hyphae combined together

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13
Q

What is the mode of metabolism for yeast and for molds?

A

yeast - facultative anaerobe

mold - aerobic

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14
Q

As the individual hyphae of a mycelium grow, a wall called a _____ forms inside them. This separate hyphae into different sections.

A

septa

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15
Q

If septa are not formed within a mycelium, the hyphae is one long and continuous tube of ____ cytoplasm called:

A

multinucleate, coenocytic hyphae

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16
Q

When would one see a coenocyte (a large multinucleate cell) in a fungi?

A

when fungal hyphae or Protista divides, but cytokinesis does not occur.

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17
Q

Filamentous fungi may reproduce _____ in good environmental conditions, and will undergo _____ reproduction in bad conditions.

A

asexually, sexually

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18
Q

Describe sexual reproduction of fungi.

A

two hyphae of a mycelium fuse their cytoplasm during plasmogamy to make a pronuclei (contains two haploid nuclei).

The pronuclei will fuse in karyogamy to make a single diploid cell.

Diploid will make a spore forming structure that will send out haploid spores through meiosis

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19
Q

Spores produced through sexual reproduction in fungi will be:

a) genetically different from the mycelium it originated from
b) genetically identical to the parent
c) genetically different from the hyphae it originated from
d) genetically distinct from the coenocyte

A

A

20
Q

Lichen are fungi often paired with ____ or ______

A

algae or cyanobacteria

21
Q

Phyla pneumonic within the kingdom Animalia

A

Privileged children play nicely and maturely, Arthur ensures cooperation

porifera
cnidaria
playhelminthes
nematoda
annelida
mollusca
arthropoda
echinodermata
chordata
22
Q

The coelom will lie between what germ layers?

A

mesoderm and endoderm

23
Q

In the pneumonic for kingdom Animalia, which are acoelomate?

A

everything before Nematoda - Porifera, cnidaria, plathelminthes

privileged children play nicely and maturely, Arthur ensures cooperation

24
Q

Nematoda are considered ______

a) acoelomate
b) coelomate
c) pseudocoelomate

A

C

25
Q

Parazoa

A

animals without true tissues

26
Q

Cnidaria contain a ___ cavity and thus are capable of ____ ___ digestion.

Do they contain true tissues?

What is their circulatory system?

A

gastrovascular, two way

yes

diffusion

27
Q

What are the stinging cells present in cnidaria?

A

nematocysts

28
Q

Differentiate between medusa and polyps.

A

Medusa - motile and produce sexually

Polyps - non motile and can produce sexually as a hermaphrodite, or asexually

29
Q

Flatworms, trematoda, flukes, tapeworms, and planar are part of the phylum ______.

They contain flame cells and protonephridia, which function to:

Playhelminthes are

a) diploblasts
b) triploblasts

A

Platyhelminthes

flame cells function to osmoregulate and filter harmful substances; protonephridia are bundles of flame cells

B

30
Q

Nematoda contain a ___ ___ for their digestive system

A

alimentary canal

31
Q

Besides cnidaria, what other phylum contains flame cells and protonephridia?

A

Rotifera

32
Q

Annelida contain a (closed/open) circulatory system

A

closed

33
Q

Archenteron

Blastopore

A

Primitive gut formed during gastrulation

forms during gastrulation; has the potential of developing into the mouth or anus; this opens into the archenteron

34
Q

Metanephridia

A

Excretory glands involved in invertebrate osmoregulation - found in annelida

35
Q

Protostomes have embryonic cleavages that are _____ and ______

A

spiral, determinate

determinate means development is decided early on

36
Q

Octopi and cephalopods are grouped into which phylum?

a) animalia
b) chordates
c) mollusca
d) cnidaria

A

C

37
Q

Mantle

A

a thin layer of tissue found inside mollusks; contains calcium carbonate which is used to build shells

38
Q

Radula

A

unique to mollusks; tongues covered in tiny teeth

39
Q

What kind of circulatory system do Mollusca have?

A

open; contain a hemocoel

40
Q

___ glands are osmoregulatory and excretory structures of ____ waste in arachnids.

A

Coxal, nitrogenous

41
Q

____ glands are osmoregulatory and excretory structures for nitrogenous wastes in aquatic crustaceans

A

green

42
Q

Echinodermata have a _____ body plan as larvae and ___ ____ _____ as an adult.

Embryonic development?

A

bilateral, fine fold radial

deuterostomes

43
Q

Embryonic cleavage for a deuterostome is _____ and ______

A

radial, indeterminate

44
Q

Notochords

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord

Pharyngeal Gill Slits

A

cartilaginous rods that support the body of all chordates during embryonic development

develops into the spinal chord

go to form the pharynx, gills, or other feeding systems

45
Q

What will form the Eustachian tubes in the ears?

A

pharyngeal gill slits

46
Q

Lancelets are also called

A

Amphioxus

47
Q

Fish have a ___ chambered heart, while amphibians and reptiles have a _____ chambered heart

humans and birds have a ___ chambered heart

A

2,3, 4

DAT - Biology (18 decks)

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