Bootcamp Chapter 4

Question 1

Which chlorophyll a molecules form PS1 and PSII, respectively?

Answer 1

P700 - PS1

P680 - PSII

Question 2

Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, phycobilins, and xanthphylls function to - ?

Answer 2

capture wavelengths that chlorophyll a does not

Question 3

What type of light is most effective at promoting photosynthesis?

a) red
b) blue
c) green
d) two of the above

Answer 3

D - red and blue

Question 4

What is the overall goal of the light dependent reaction (noncyclic photophosphorylation)?

Answer 4

Attach a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP using light

Question 5

Where does the light dependent reaction occur?

Where does photolysis take place?

Answer 5

thylakoid membranes, thylakoid lumen

Question 6

Describe the process of the light dependent reaction (up to termination ONLY).

Answer 6

1) electrons in PSII energized by light
2) electrons go to primary electron acceptor
3) electrons go to the electron transport chain, made of a plastoquinone complex
4) two electrons move down and lose energy, which is used to phosphorylate 1.5 ATP
5) ETC will terminate with PS1; electrons are energized by sunlight and passed to primary electron acceptor

Question 7

What is the overall goal of cyclic photophosphorylation?

Answer 7

Replenish ATP when the Calvin cycle consumes it

Question 8

When the excited 2e -
from __ join with protein carriers in the first electron transport chain and generate ___ as
they pass through, these 2e - are ______ into ____ and can take either ______ or ______ path

Answer 8

PS1, 1 ATP, recycled, PS1 noncyclic or cyclic

Question 9

Where does cyclic photophosphorylation occur?

Answer 9

stroma lamella - the pieces that connect the thylakoids

Question 10

What is the overall goal of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 10

a process that occurs 6 times; makes CO2 and uses 6CO2 to make glucose

Question 11

What is used to drive the dark reactions?

Answer 11

light energy - photons

Question 12

Where do the dark reactions occur?

Answer 12

stroma

Question 13

What catalyzes the conversion of 6CO2 + 6 RuBP to 12PGA in the carboxylation step of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 13

rubisco

Question 14

___ATP + 12NADPH converts 12___ into what products in the reduction step of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 14

12 ATP + 12 NADPH converts 12 PGA into 12G3P or 12PGAL

Question 15

What allows for the regeneration step of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 15

6ATP converts 10G3P into 6 RuBP

Question 16

During carbohydrate synthesis, how many G3P are used to build glucose?

Answer 16

2 G3P which comes from 1 glucose molecule

Question 17

T/F? The stroma is what comprises the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer 17

FALSE - the stroma is the fluid inside the inter membrane space of the chlorophyll.

Question 18

Which structure inside the chlorophyl contains PS1, PSII, cytochromes, and other electron carriers?

Answer 18

Thylakoids

Question 19

Where do H+ accumulate within the chloroplast?

Answer 19

Thylakoid lumen

Question 20

Describe how ATP is generated in the chloroplast.

Answer 20

An established proton gradient will use ATP synthase to move H+ from the inside of the thylakoid lumen, outside to the stroma.

Question 21

Where do the H+ ions come from in chemiosmosis?

Answer 21

• H+ released into the lumen when water is split by PSII

- carried into lumen from stroma by cytochrome between PSII and PSI

Question 22

How many H+ ions are needed to make 1 ATP? `

Answer 22

3

Question 23

T/F - Rubisco will fix both CO2 and oxygen at the same time if both are present.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Overall goal of C2 photosynthesis, or photorespiration.

Answer 24

Fixes oxygen by rubisco enzyme, but does not produce ATP or sugar; byproducts are metabolized by peroxisomes

Question 25

In C4 photosynthesis, CO2 will enter a leaf and get absorbed by _____, which will move to ____ ___ cells.

What will CO2 combine with under the enzyme PEP carboxylase?

Answer 25

mesophyll, bundle sheath cells

CO2 will combine with PEP to form OAA by PEP carboxylase.

Question 26

OAA will be converted to _____, then transported through ______ into bundle sheath cells.

Answer 26

malate, plasmodesmata

Question 27

Malate is converted to what two products before entering the Calvin cycle?

Answer 27

pyruvate and CO2; CO2 is used in the Calvin cycle.

Question 28

C3 occurs in _____ cells, while C4 occurs in _____ ____ cells.

Answer 28

mesophyll, bundle sheath

Question 29

After malate is broken into pyruvate and CO2, CO2 will be used in the Calvin cycle and pyruvate will be moved back to the _____, where it will get turned back into ____, to make _____.

Answer 29

mesophyll, PEP, ATP (1ATP will be made into AMP)

Question 30

What is the advantage of CAM photosynthesis?

Answer 30

Can proceed during the day while stomata are closed (reducing water loss).

Question 31

CAM photosynthesis is almost identical to C4, but instead of OAA being converted to malate, it gets converted to ______

Answer 31

malic acid

Question 32

In CAM photosynthesis, malic acid made from OAA will be shuttled into the _____ of the cell.

At night, stomata are (open/closed_ and PEP carboxylase is (active/inactive) - which allows malic acid to _____.

What happens to the malic acid come daytime?

Answer 32

vacuole

open, active, accumulate

malic acid that accumulated will move out of the vacuole and gets converted back to OAA, releasing CO2 and PEP

Question 33

When malic acid moves out of the vacuole and gets converted to OAA in the daytime, how much ATP does this require?

Answer 33

1

Question 34

When malic acid moves out of the vacuole and gets converted to OAA in the daytime, releasing CO2 - what is this CO2 used for?

Answer 34

CO2 will move into the Calvin cycle