Bootcamp Chapter 11 Flashcards
Describe the following features of a plant embryo:
radicle
hypocotyl
plumule
epicotyl
radicle - part of the embryo that develops into the young root
hypocotyl - bottom region of the young shoot
epicotyl - develops into the shoot tip
plumule - area between hypocotyl and epicotyl; eventually develops into young leaves
What are the first leaves to appear on a seedling?
Where are nutrients stored in monocots?
cotyledon, endosperm
____ are areas of a plant where growth takes place via repeated cell division
growth first happens at the ____ meristems
meristems, apical
Differentiate between primary and secondary growth
primary - vertical growth of a plant at its apical meristems
secondary - horizontal growth of a plant at its lateral meristems
The secondary xylem forms the ____. Constant production of this is what forms ___ _____ in a cross section of a tree.
Secondary phloem contributes to the ____.
____ _____ is a ring of meristematic tissue located beyond the phloem; these repeatedly divide to form ____
wood, growth rings, bark
cork cambium, cork
T/F? All plants undergo primary and secondary growth.
FALSE - all plants undergo primary but ONLY WOODY plants undergo secondary growth
Define the following terms on ground tissue
parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
Which have the thinnest cell walls? Thickest?
parenchyma - these tissue cells act as filler tissue and make up the bulk of the entire plant
collenchyma - provide extra support
sclerenchyma - main structural support of the plant
parenchyma = thinnest schlerenchyma = thickest
The term ‘sink’ in reference to plants means _____
where the material is used
for example - phloem transports sugars from the leaves to the roots
Phloem is made up of what kinds of cells?
sieve and companion cells
Sieve cells lack _____ because they need to quickly transport sugars. Because of this, they are connected via _____ to _____ cells to carry out ___ ____
organelles, plasmodesmata, companion, metabolic functions
Xylem is made up of what kinds of cells?
What are their functions?
tracheas and vessel elements; both provide structural support and water conduction
Phloem and xylem are arranged to form the ___, which is the _____ part of the root or stem
stele, central
The stele is made up of xylem, phloem, and what other additional component?
pith
Describe the two ways that water can move between cells in plants.
symplastic - water movement through cytoplasma
apoplectic - water movement outside the cell, with the cell wall
This structure helps regulate the type and amount of substances that can enter through the roots and travel through the rest of the plant. It is made up of an waxy and impenetrable material.
Casparian strip