Bootcamp Chapter 7 Flashcards
Epistasis
One gene affects the phenotypic expression of a second, separate gene
Pleiotropy
Single gene has more than one phenotypic expression
Polygenic inheritance
The interaction of many genes to shape a single phenotype with continuous variation
X-Inactivation
one of two X chromosomes does not uncoil during embryonic development in female mammals - formation of a Barr body
The unique fur pigmentation of calico cats are the result of
a) linked genes
b) penetrance
c) co-dominance
d) x-inactivation
D
Linked genes are (more likely/less likely) to be separated by recombination during meiosis, and are (less likely/more likely to be) inherited together
less likely, more likely
Mosaicism
Occurs in cells that undergo mitotic nondisjunction during embryonic development - causes a fraction of body cells to have extra or missing chromosomes
What are the gametes of nondisjunction during meiosis I vs. meiosis II?
Meiosis I non disjunction = n+ 1, n+1, n-1, n-1
Meiosis II nondisjunction = n, n, n+1, n-1
Transition Mutation
purine nucleotide is converted to another purine,
or a pyrimidine is converted to another pyrimidine.
Transversion Mutation
purine nucleotide is converted too a pyrimidine nucleotide or vv
Point Mutation
a single nucleotide change causing substitution, insertion, or deletion
Forward Mutation
Wild type allele is changed to a mutant
Turner Syndrome
XO - missing a sex chromosome; results in sterility and physical abnormalities
Klinefelter syndrome
XXY - results in sterility
Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
characterized by heart defects
