Bootcamp Chapter 1 Flashcards
How to distinguish between alpha and beta carbons?
Base it off of the 1st carbon (anomeric)
Faces down = alpha
Faces up = beta
Glycosidic linkages between disaccharides are formed by what chemical process?
dehydration - losing a water
Starch and glycogens are (alpha/beta) polymer carbohydrates, while cellulose and chitin are (alpha/beta) polymer carbohydrates.
Starch and glycogens = alpha
cellulose and chitin = beta
T/F? 3D shape is first seen in the secondary structure of a protein.
TRUE - 3D shape results from hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent aa’s.
Ovalbumin and casein are types of proteins perform what type of service?
reserves/storage of amino acids
Define cofactors.
Non protein molecules that assist enzymes by donating or accepting electrons.
Differentiate between apoenzymes and holoenzymes.
apoenzyme - enzyme without its cofactor
holoenzyme - enzyme + cofactor
Steroids are a fused ___ ring structure, composed of ___ 6 membered rings and __ 5 membered ring
4, 3, 1
Describe how a cell would accommodate changes in its membrane in cold vs. hot temperatures.
Cold - cell would incorporate more unsaturated fatty acids to keep membrane fluid
Hot - cell would have more saturated fatty acids to prevent excess fluidity
Differentiate between purines and pyrimidines.
Purines - adenine and guanine = 2 rings
Pyrimidines - thymine and cytosine = 1 ring
Nucleosides are different from nucleotides because -
they only contain a nitrogenous base and pentose sugar
Which nucleotide is not seen in RNA? What is it replaced with?
Thymine is not seen in RNA - replaced with uracil, which will pair with adenine
What are the 5 important properties of water?
- high heat capacity
- cohesion/surface tension
- adhesion
- becomes less dense as it freezes
- strong solvent
