Book 8 CHAPTER 6 DRIVERS TRAINING ARTICLES Flashcards
The Department routinely experiences accidents which occur during the
rehousing of apparatus.
Your first priority as a driver is the ____ _____ of your apparatus.
Safe control
the prerequisite for all incidents is
Safety
The _______ has a unique perspective of the traffic environment and may see things that the driver may be unaware of.
Passenger
A driver is best braced when his left foot is placed against the left _______ of the car and his right foot is positioned over the _______ pedal.
Floorboard
Accelerator pedal
In an emergency stop, often the “left foot braker” finds himself with both _______ and _____ pedal depressed.
Accelerator and brake pedal
For most drivers, braking just short of a locked wheel skid is best achieved with the
Right foot
A “left foot braker” has a tendency to allow his left foot to rest on the
Brake pedal
On most vehicles, vacuum boost begins operation when __ to __ pounds of pressure is applied to the actuating shaft of the booster.
10 to 15
During tests it was noted that from ___ to ___ ounces of foot pressure and less than __ inch pedal movement would initiate braking action
30-60 ounces
1/8 inch
A ______ _____ light is a light that’s been green long enough to be ready to pop yellow and then quickly red.
Stale green
How can you tell, as you approach a light-controlled intersection, if the green light is stale? There are a number of indications:
1) you notice when the light first went green and you were some distance back (_____ ____);
Elapsed time
How can you tell, as you approach a light-controlled intersection, if the green light is stale? There are a number of indications:
2) the pedestrian signal changes from WALK (solid white) to DON’T WALK (flashing orange) – pedestrians walking at, say 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 mph take ___times as long to clear the intersection as cars going 25 to 35 so pedestrians are stopped earlier in the phasing;
10 times
How can you tell, as you approach a light-controlled intersection, if the green light is stale? There are a number of indications:
3) notice the speed of traffic moving through the intersection ahead – if traffic is moving at a ____ _____ rate of speed, their light is a stale green;
Hugh Uniform
How can you tell, as you approach a light-controlled intersection, if the green light is stale? There are a number of indications:
4) notice the spacing of traffic moving through the intersection ahead – traffic at a fresh green light tends to be _____ _____, bumper to bumper;
Closely bunched
How can you tell, as you approach a light-controlled intersection, if the green light is stale? There are a number of indications:
5) notice whether traffic waiting out the red light is building up – there will be more as the red light gets more stale (even pedestrians), i.e., their ____ ____ is your stale green;
Stale red
6) notice whether traffic is able to ___ ___ (except where there is a left turn arrow) as this usually occurs well into the stale green light
Turn left
Charging up to an intersection doesn’t change the light in our (fuel-efficient) favor. It only advertises our lack of ______ and _______
Planning and professionalism
what yellow does - - it gives cross traffic a chance to clear the intersection. It say’s
“Caution”
For far too many drivers, AMBER means
“Scamper”
Not so the pro. He knows about the point of no return. He knows it’s not safe unless he can “_____ ____”, that is, make it safely without increasing his present speed and while covering the brakes AND checking cross traffic.
Roll through
Skidding is “a major factor in ____ out of every ____ serious accidents”.
One out of every four
Skidding It is responsible for almost _____ deaths and______ injuries annually;
12,000 deaths
425,000 injuries
recover from a skid. The five basic rules are:
- Do not use the brake until ______ control has been reestablished.
Steering
recover from a skid. The five basic rules are:
- Do not use _____
Power
recover from a skid. The five basic rules are:
- _______that is, turn the front wheels in the direction the rear wheels are skidding.
Countersteer
recover from a skid. The five basic rules are:
- Once steering control has been reestablished a ___ ____ will assist slowing.
Light brake
If he hasn’t regained control of the car before it spins __-___ degrees from the center, he probably will be unable to keep it from spinning completely around.
15-25 degrees
A skid recovery is not a substitute for defensive driving. This method could be called
Remedial driving
HYDROPLANING
At less than ___ m.p.h. (if you carry __ pounds pressure in passenger car tires), your front tires begin to lose contact with the pavement. At around __ m.p.h., they’re lifted up on a tough film of water and only the outer ribs are touching.
30 mph
24 pounds
50 mph
Hydroplaning
At about __ m.p.h., your front tires lose all contact
55 mph
Hydroplaning may begin when you can hear your wheels splashing in ___ inch of water or more.
1/5th
Hydroplaning
Warning clues: You see clear reflections of other cars and poles, or you notice raindrop “_____” appearing in the road.
Dimples
Most new treads are about ___ inch deep.
11/16TH inches
if the mid-treads are worn ___percent or to about one-eighth inch - either buy new tires or get off the road until the hard rain stops.
80 percent
A ___ road can be as slippery as ice.
Dry
Traffic Safety begins with
ME
Statistics of the National Safety Council show that _____ motor vehicle work related deaths took place in 1984.
4,200
Traffic accidents are the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. They claimed more than _____ lives in 1984. As of December, 1984, approximately ______, persons in the United States have died since the first recorded motor vehicle death.
46,200
2,400,000
Driver error is still the major cause of traffic accidents and accounts for approximately __% of all traffic accidents.
72%
Schools are on vacation
. Bikes are everywhere. Think “___.”
BIKE
Too many children become casualties from the
Second car
______ rank fourth among the causes of death in the nation, exceeded only by heart disease, cancer, and stroke
Accidents
A “_____ ____” or _____ is any two -wheeled or three -wheeled device with an automatic transmission and a motor which produces less than two gross brake horsepower and does not propel the device in excess of 30 miles per hour on level ground .
Motorized bicycle or moped
The spring brakes on subsequent models have three basic functions:
- To eliminate ____-____ trucks if they are left unattended and the air in the system leaks below effective holding pressure
Run-away
The spring brakes on subsequent models have three basic functions:
- It is the emergency means of stopping a truck when ____ ___ ____ failure occurs . (Springs actuate the brakes)
Service air system
The spring brakes on subsequent models have three basic functions:
- The spring action may be used for ______ or as a ___-___
Parking or hill-holder
In case of service brake air system failure, the springs apply brakes automatically when brake air pressure is reduced to approximately __ p.s.i . or less.
60 psi
_____ ____ system, required by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
Fmvss 121
Controlled tests have demonstrated that fuel conservation of at least __ percent is possible through proper vehicle operation, use, maintenance, and trip planning .
10 percent
___percent improvement in fuel economy could be achieved through a combination of training, speed control, and rewards for utilizing proper driving habits .
17.4%
Vehicle operation- non-emergency
Most automobiles get about __percent better mileage on the highway at 50 miles per hour (mph) than at 65 mph .
18%
Vehicle operation- non-emergency
The average vehicle on the road today gets its best fuel economy at approximately ___mph
45 mph
Vehicle operation- non-emergency
- Avoid prolonged idling . If the delay is more than __ minute, turn off the engine . The recommended time for warming up an engine is ___seconds to one minute.
One minute
30 seconds
Vehicle operation- non-emergency
Tests have proven that “Jack Rabbit” starts and fast “get aways” can burn over ___percent more gasoline than normal acceleration.
50 percent
Vehicle operation- non-emergency
- Be extremely _______ and drive ________ . This allows you to plan ahead and avoid needless braking and re-acceleration which is one of the greatest wastes in city driving.
Observant and drive defensively
Vehicle operation- non-emergency
- Maintain a steady speed . On the highway, varying speed only 5 mph can reduce economy by as much as __percent.
10%
Vehicle maintenance
____ ____is a sure and easy way to improve fuel mileage .
Proper maintenance
Vehicle maintenance
For every ___pounds under recommended pressure, you lose about ___percent in fuel economy . Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are ___
2 pounds
2%
Cold
Vehicle maintenance
An out -of -tune engine can drop mileage by a minimum of ___percent, and will greatly increase the amount of _____ the vehicle produces.
10%
Pollution
Vehicle maintenance
- Keep track of ___ ______, this is an excellent way of monitoring vehicle condition.
Fuel consumption
Smith system is a positive approach to ____ ____
Defensive driving
Smith system 5 rules
1. ___ ___ __ ____
A. Center yourself well in lane
B.Appropriate lane choice
C.Safe path on turns (a chance to analyze traffic ahead)
Aim high in steering
- Get the ___ _____
A. See ______ well in advance
B. Make smooth ____ and ___
Big picture
Delays
Stop and turns
- Keep ___ _____moving
A. Dispose of hazards promptly
B. Check sides and rear
C. Check before starting at light (controlled intersection) (prevents over relaxing/concentrating ) .(central cones) - focus of clear vision peripheral (fringe-lights, movement, contrast, shape, sizes)
Keep your eyes moving
- ______________
A. Keep a stopping/swerve space
B. Prevent tailgating
C. Safe speed near intersections
D. Safe speed next to curb parked lane (adjustment “don’t let your vehicle get ahead of your eyes”)
Leave yourself an out
- ________________
A. Tap horn when in doubt
B. Avoid blind spot
C. Make sure signal is heeded
Make sure they see you
To aim high, look at least __ seconds ahead immediate patch of travel
5 seconds
More than just your immediate path of travel, you need a __+ -second intended path of travel ahead
10
Smith describes its bigness as “sidewalk to _____ wide and a ____ deep.
Sidewalk wide
Block deep
The rule that says you should always maintain at least a __ -second distance .
2second
