BOOK 100 HIGH RISE MANUAL CHAPTER 8 WATER SYSTEMS Flashcards
There are three basic types of systems, depending upon the year of construction; those constructed
Prior to 1960
Between 1960-1964
After 1974
wet or dry system of piping, valves, outlets, and related equipment designed to provide water at specified pressures and installed exclusively for firefighting.
A standpipe system
Prior to 1960, there was a height limit on buildings of ___’, or approximately __ stories. This height limit was mainly due to the threat of _______.
150
13
Earthquakes
Firefighting water systems in pre-1960 buildings consisted of
Dry standpipes
Interior wet standpipes
Sprinklered basements
Dry Standpipe Systems are found in older (Pre-1960) high-rise buildings ___ or more stories in height;
4
Dry Standpipe Systems are found in buildings built from 1960 to 1974, four or more stories in height and not exceeding
150’
Dry Standpipe Systems are found in buildings built after ____, four or more stories in height and not exceeding 150’.
1974
Dry Standpipe Risers are, depending on building height, __” to __” diameter pipe and must flow ____ g.p.m. per riser. They will have two to four ____” inlets at the Fire Department Connection (FDC), depending on building height and if the standpipe
4 to 6
500 gpm
2 1/2
When Dry Standpipes are installed, outlets are provided at every floor level and roof landing of required enclosed stairways, fire escapes and smoke towers, except the _____ ____.
First floor
Dry standpipe outlets
Outlets are located based on the requirement that every point within the structure must be reachable by a ___’ stream of water from a nozzle attached to ____’ of hose.
30’
100’
Dry standpipe outlets
In buildings built prior to 1960, the outlets of the Dry and the Wet Standpipe Systems are straightway ____ valves or _____ valves.
Gate or globe
Wet Standpipe Systems are required in buildings three or more stories in height (four or more stories after ____), and are directly connected to a water supply and equipped with _____” outlets, with hose and nozzle.
1983
1 1/2’’
Class II wet standpipes are primarily used for
Occupant use
Depending on the age and height of the building, water is supplied to the Wet Standpipe System from one of the following sources:
Domestic water system
Gravity fed or pressurized tanks and domestic water system
In buildings constructed prior to 1960, Wet Standpipe Risers are ____” or ____”, depending on the height of the building and year of construction.
1 1/2’’ or 2 1/2’’
Wet standpipe risers
There are no inlets for the Fire Department to pump into these systems. These risers are supplied off the
City mains
The flow requirements for Wet Standpipes at the roof outlets are:
Prior to 1948 -
1948 to 1959 -
1960 to 1970 -
1970 to present -
8 psi flowing 20 gpm
12 psi flowing 35 gpm
15 psi flowing 35 gpm
30 psi flowing 35 gpm
After 1960, standpipes were required in the
Stairshafts
1960-1964
If the height of the building exceeded 150′, standpipes were charged with water and ______ ______ were required in the building to provide pressure at the outlets.
Fire pumps
1960-1964
Buildings built after 1960 not exceeding 150’ in height had the same requirements as those built when? And what was the exception
Pre 1960
Dry standpipes had ti be in the stairshafts rather than the exterior of the building
Buildings built after 1960 that exceeded 150’ in height (High-Rise) are required to have
Combination standpipe system
________ _______ Systems are directly connected to a water supply and equipped with both 1-1/2” outlets (2-1/2” outlet with a 1-1/2” reducer), with hose and nozzle attached, for use by the building occupants; and 2-1/2” outlets for use by the Fire Department.
Combination standpipe system
Combination standpipe system
The 2-1/2” system may have ____’ of single-jacketed, unlined ____” hose with a __” tip attached to _____” outlets on each floor above the __th floor.
100’
2 1/2’’
1’’
2 1/2’’
5th
How many water sources are required for combination standpipe systems
2
Domestic system
And fire department inlet connections
Combination standpipe systems
As the water is supplied from the domestic system (street mains), two back flow (_____) valves are required to keep the firefighting water from flowing back into and contaminating the domestic water system. _________________ (OS&Y) valves will be found on each side of the back flow valves so that maintenance work can be done on the valves.
Clapper valves
Outside stem and yoke
Combination standpipe system
To keep the water from flowing back down the standpipe when the fire pump is shut off, a _____valve is placed in the piping on the _______ side of the fire pump, just ahead of the OS&Y valve.
Check valve
Pressure side
Combination standpipe systems
are normally installed to make up minor leakage rates in system pressure. They prevent the fire pump from continually starting and stopping due to minor fluctuations in the system pressure.
Jockey pumps
Combination Standpipe Risers
Combination Standpipe Risers are __” and must flow _____ g.p.m. per riser. They will have _____ inlets at the FDC (250 g.p.m. per inlet) or if three or more standpipe risers, ___ inlets. A flow of ____ g.p.m. is required at each 2-1/2” outlet.
6’’
1000 gpm
4
6
300
Combination standpipe risers
In some buildings risers may also be cross-connected at the top. These will have _____ valves at the top of the riser as well as at the base of the riser to allow the entire riser to be shut off and isolated.
OS&Y
Combination standpipe risers
_____ valves are required to provide a way of testing the fire pump(s).
Test valves
Test valve piping comes off the riser on the ________ side of the fire pump and goes to the exterior of the building.
Discharge
Combination standpipe risers
The OS&Y valve, which is normally closed, is opened during
Fire pump tests
Combination standpipe riser
The test valve piping may be piped back into the _________ _______supply, if applicable, instead of going to test valves on the exterior. This eliminates flowing large quantities of water into the street and saves the cost and waste of the water.
On-site water supply
Combination standpipe risers
The same standpipes are utilized for supplying the
1 1/2’’ wet standpipes system
Combination Standpipe Outlets
The standpipe outlets in buildings built between 1960 and 1974, that do not exceed 150’ (Dry Standpipe System), are _____ or ____ valves.
Gate or globe valves
Combination Standpipe Outlets
On buildings exceeding 150’ (Combination Standpipe System) the 2-1/2 “ and 1-1/2” outlets have ______ valves with _________
Globe valves with orifice plates
Combination Standpipe Outlets
The 2-1/2” outlets must flow a minimum of ______ g.p.m.
300 gpm
Combination Standpipe Outlets
a heavy gauge metal washer-like device which restricts the flow by restricting the size of the opening, thereby reducing the pressure when flowing.
Orifice plates
Combination Standpipe Outlets
Orifice plates are calibrated to supply ____ g.p.m. at __ p.s.i. through 100’ of 2-1/2” hose with a 1” tip.
200 gpm
45 psi
Orifice plates are most often _______ to the outlet barrel or held in place by an adapter fitting.
Soldered
In some older buildings, however, the orifice plates are inserted between the outlet valve barrel or drip fitting and the attached ____ ______ of the single jacket hose.
Hose coupling
The obvious disadvantage of the orifice plate method of regulating outlet pressure is that it has no effect on
Static pressure
On Wet Standpipe Systems, if the static pressure on the 1-1/2” outlets exceeds 70 p.s.i., a ______ _______ ______ must be installed to reduce the nozzle pressure to ___ p.s.i.
Pressure reducing valve
50 psi
1-1/2” Wet Standpipe System
To produce 50 p.s.i. nozzle pressure, through 100’ of 1-1/2” hose flowing 52 g.p.m., requires _____ p.s.i. at the outlet.
68.5 psi
1974 to Present
In 1974, there was a major change in the requirements for firefighting water systems in high-rise buildings. The 150’ requirement for high-rise buildings was reduced to buildings over
75’ in height
1974 to present
The current definition of a high-rise building is any building over 75’ in height, measured to the ____ of the top floor level designed for occupant use, from the lowest level of ______ ____________ access.
Floor
Fire department access
Buildings built after 1974, exceeding 150’ in height, will have a_________ ________-Standpipe System which is directly connected to a water supply and is equipped with 2-1/2” outlets for use by the Fire Department.
Combined sprinkler standpipe system
______ outlets are not required in a combined system.
1 1/2’’
COMBINED SPRINKLER-STANDPIPE SYSTEMS
The standpipe also supplies water to the
Sprinkler system
COMBINED SPRINKLER-STANDPIPE SYSTEMS
It will have _______ _______ _____ connections, an ____ ____ _______supply, and a _____ _____- which supplies water and pressure to the standpipes.
Fire department inlet connections
On-site water supply
Fire pump