BOOK 29 TRUCK OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAPTER 3 SMOKE REMOVAL Flashcards
The primary goal of effective ventilation operations is the reduction or removal of _______ _______, and _______ ______ (contaminants) from a structure or enclosed area in a timely manner.
Some heat and fire gases
Proper blower placement will
Assist in ________ and _______, _____________, __________, and other suppression operations.
Reduce or eliminate the numerous ________ __ _________.
Reduce the interior ___________ within a structure.
Improve ____________ for occupants and fire suppression personnel.
Increased _______ for occupants and fire suppression personnel.
Reduce ______ _______.
Search and rescue, extinguishment, overhaul
Products of combustion
Temperature
Visibility
Safety
Fire loss
There are two basic methods that are utilized to pressurize a contaminated area to enhance or direct the travel of contaminants to the exterior.
Natural and mechanical positive pressure
This is easily accomplished by opening doors, windows, skylights, and other similar openings.
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation is dependent on the following factors
Proximity of the ventilation ________ to the contaminants to be removed.
Ability of the contaminants to travel __________ to a ventilation opening.
_________ and ____ of ventilation openings.
Direction of _______.
_________.
___________ differential between the interior and exterior of a building.
Openings
Unobstructed
Number and size
Wind
Humidity
Temperature
The current methods that are utilized to provide pressurized ventilation with portable blowers are
Negative and positive pressurized ventilation
To ventilate the building, the door is opened and a blower is placed INSIDE the building to exhaust the contaminants
Negative pressure ventilation
To ventilate the building, the door is opened and a blower is positioned OUTSIDE the building
Positive pressure ventilation
Positive pressure advantages
Exterior blowers are efficient in removing contaminants at the ______, ________, and ________ of a room or building.
Top bottom and corners
Positive reassure advantages
Compared to negative pressure ventilation, positive pressure ventilation is approximately ________ as effective at removing contaminants from a building.
Twice
The effective implementation of positive pressure, is dependent on the _________ ________, _________ between openings, _________ opening, __________, _________ and___________.
Entrance opening
Airflow
Exhaust
Weather
Training and communication
The location of the exhaust opening is dependent on the location of ______ and_______, and the prioritization of ___________ operations (overhaul, search and rescue, extinguishment, etc.)
Heat and smoke
Suppression
The size of the exhaust opening is dependent on the size of the _______ ________, and capacity and number of _________ being utilized.
Entrance opening
Blowers
Positive pressure is most efficient when the exhaust opening Is between
3/4- 1 3/4
Temperature, humidity, and rain do not have any appreciable effect on
Positive pressure
can have an adverse effect on positive pressure ventilation, but its effect is dependent on direction and velocity.
Wind
It is most advantageous to pressurize the structure on the __________ side and exhaust contaminants on the ________ side of the building.
Windward
Leeward
positive pressure has proven effective AGAINST winds (leeward to windward) of up to
25 mph
The key to effective positive pressure ventilation is dependent on controlling the
Entrance opening
Pathetic of interior air flow
Exhaust opening
Optimum placement is dependent on the size of the ________ ________ and the ______ of the blower.
Entrance opening
CFM
Multiple blowers can dramatically increase CFM when used in _______ or provide proper coverage of the opening when used in ________
SERIES
PARALLEL
In series positions of blowers increases the capacity by approximately
10%
If two blowers of unequal CFM are utilized in the series position, place the _______ blower about _____ feet back from the entrance opening and utilize the _______ blower behind the _______ blower to cover the entrance opening with pressurized air.
Large
2 feet
Smaller
Larger
If the area in front of an entrance opening is limited to three feet or four feet (i.e., raised porch), place the _______ blower in the entrance opening and the ________ blower _______ to ______ feet back from the door.
Smaller
Larger
3-4
for large entrance openings, multiple blowers in a __________configuration, should be utilized due to their combined ability to cover the larger opening with pressurized air.
Parallel
Depending on the number of blowers that are available, large areas may be effectively ventilated by utilizing a combination of
Parallel and series
Dwellings
Effective ventilation requires __________ _________ of contaminated areas within a building.
Systematic ventilation
removing screens on windows prior to using these openings for ventilation purposes will increase the efficiency of these openings by at least
50%
Produce considerably more CFM and should be considered for metro rail tunnels, high rise buildings, large underground parking structures and very large commercial buildings
Water powered blowers
Water powered blowers are intrinsically safe and can be utilized at
Hazardous materials incidents
Depending on the type of fire, concentrations of carbon monoxide within the range of_____ parts-per-million (ppm) to ______ ppm are easily obtainable during overhaul operations.
500 to 1200
to _____ ppm of carbon monoxide can be inhaled for one hour without appreciable effects.
to _____ ppm of carbon monoxide inhaled for one hour will cause some appreciable effects.
to ______ ppm of carbon monoxide inhaled for one hour is dangerous.
Concentrations of _______ ppm of carbon monoxide and over are fatal in less than one hour.
500
700
1200
4000
Measurements during actual overhaul operations have indicated that positive pressure can easily reduce carbon monoxide concentrations of 1000 ppm to approximately
130 to 220 ppm
Overhaul guidelines
If any fire does begin to accelerate or spread, it can easily be controlled by:
_____________ the fire.
Turning the blower ___ degrees away from opening.
Reducing the______ of the blower.
Increasing the _______ between the overhaul area and the blower.
_________ the blower off.
Extinguishing the blower
90 degrees
Rpm
Distance
Shutting off
