BOOK 37 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OPERATIONAL PLAN CHAPTER 4 FIRST RESPONDER OPERATIONS Flashcards
Once the first responder has arrived on scene, one of the initial considerations must be to establish ______ for the incident.
Perimeters
These perimeters will designate the Initial ______ Zone, _______ boundaries and _____ _______ Area(s) for holding civilians and Fire Department personnel who have been exposed to a hazardous product.
Isolation zone
Evacuation boundaries
Safe refuge areas
The Initial Isolation Zone should be established using the recommendation of the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), taking the following factors into consideration:
Topography
Materials released
Wind/weather
the incident will dictate the location of the Initial Isolation Zone.
Topography
The location of the fire line tape designating the isolation area should be placed in an ____ or _____ location to ensure that initial actions are undertaken from a safe location.
Uphill or upwind
The physical and chemical properties of the material released will determine the size of the
Isolation zone
Upon arrival, the _____ ______ _____ ____ may either expand or reduce the Initial Isolation Zone to establish the Exclusion Zone.
Hazardous materials task force
should be established within the outer-most perimeter of the isolation area to contain those people who have been exposed.
Safe refuge area
Considerations En Route
- What is the location of the hazardous materials incident
- Is the site heavily populated
- Is the site near major street or freeway
- What is the current weather conditions
- What is the time of day
- Is it a significant historical date?
- What is the best approach route?
- What resources are responding?
According to the erg 2000 edition what is a distance within which all person should be considered for evacuation in all directions from the actual spill/leak source. It is a distance (radius)which defines a circle within which persons may be exposed to dangerous concentrations upwind of the source and may be exposed o life threatening concentrations downwind of the source
Initial isolation zone
Once on scene, place a short length of ____________ or other suitable material on the apparatus antennae and keep a close watch on wind direction.
Fire line tape
At any incident it is wise to ___________ and evaluate the scene before committing yourself or others. ________ provide the first responder with an opportunity to view the scene from a safe distance.
Stop short
Binoculars
is intended to limit the effect of hazardous materials on victims of exposure and prevent the spread of contaminants beyond the contaminated area.
Decontamination
Prior to initiating decontamination efforts, first responders should ______ patients by attempting to separate symptomatic from asymptomatic patients. This assessment will serve to identify those people who need immediate decontamination.
Triage
Emergency decontamination is also referred to as
Gross decon
is the expansion of the Emergency Decontamination process to accommodate large numbers of contaminated people.
Mass decontamination
follows Emergency Decon, is a process that includes scrubbing with soap or other solution and thorough rinsing.
Secondary decontamination
follows Emergency Decon, is a process that includes scrubbing with soap or other solution and thorough rinsing.
Technical decontamination
Technical Decontamination is intended for all _______ _________ and is ideally performed in a separate area, away from the incident victims.
Emergency responders
involves moving the victim from the hazardous atmosphere, and may involve oxygen therapy.
Respiratory decontamination
The best personal protective equipment for first responders engaged in decontamination is the _______ ensemble provided for every position on each fire suppression company and rescue ambulance.
Level B
What kind of stream patter should be used during emergency decon and for how long
High volume fog spray
2-3 mins per person
First-arriving companies can initiate Mass Decontamination by using fog and spray streams with:
Ladder pipes
* Portable monitors
* Wagon batteries
* Discharge gates
* Hand lines
Patients who have received emergency decontamination, or who remain or become symptomatic while in Safe Refuge, will receive
Secondary decontamination
All exposed victims will receive Secondary Decontamination prior to
medical triage or transport.
Approximately __% or more of the contaminants will be removed by removing clothing.
80
Provide a Haz Mat ______ _____to each patient entering Secondary Decontamination.
Triage tag
Direct the patient to place their outer garments in the large plastic bag, and secure the bag. Tear off the long “______” tag and place it into the bag.
Contaminated
Direct the patient to place personal belongings in the clear plastic ________ bag, with identification facing outward. Tear off the ______ ______ receipt from the Triage Tag and place it into the bag. The sealed bag will accompany the patient.
Ziplock
Personal property
Decon bucket inventory for civilian decon
1 Bucket, plastic ___gallons
10 trash bag, __’’x___’’
10 ziplock bag __’x __x __mil
2 _____counter brush
10 disposable post decon_____xlg
1______ _______ _____
___ haz mat triage tag
5 gallons
40’’x48’’
10’x12’x2mil
Foxtail counter brush
Coveralls
Liquid dishwasher soap
10 hazmat triage tags
To differentiate victim rescue from rescue of first responders, the term used to describe actions directed at retrieving civilian exposure victims is
Rapid extrication
Types of extrication
which represents the least risk to the responder;
self-rescue or bystander rescue
Types of extrication
where the level of risk and potential benefit may be initially unknown;
Responder rescue
Types of extrication
such as that performed by USAR or the Hazardous Materials Task Force (HMTF).
Technical rescue
Assessment of risk vs benefit
Low risk, high benefit?
Low-high risk benefit unknown?
Med-high risk benefit low?
Self rescue and bystander
Responder rescue
Technical rescue
Where the hazardous material is unknown, exposure victims are considered viable when they are able to control their movement (______, ______, or _______), or are able to respond verbally or physically.
Standing sitting kneeling
Those victims who are unable to respond, or are unable to voluntarily control movement, may still be viable under certain conditions, e.g., the number of victims is _____, they are not located in an enclosed space or the enclosed space can be adequatel_______ and access to ________ and ______ is immediately available.
Low
Ventilated
Decontamination and treatment
The assessment to determine the presence of viable victims may include
Direct observation, interview of witnesses or employees exiting the venue, and reports from other first responders
To limit exposure time during rapid extrication guidelines state extrication teams shall use no more than one ____min scba bottle prior to evaluation for exposure by haz mat personnel
45 min bottle
Reserve what percent of your bottle for exiting and decontamination?
25%
What personnel examine responders for post- entry symptoms and vitals
Als personnel
The minimum protection for all hazardous material incidents consists of full structural PPE, SCBA, and
personal dosimeter2.
During extraction operations, the responders’ ____ and ____ are most at risk to become contaminated.
Feet and hands
______ footwear and gloves represent a grave risk of absorption and continuous exposure to the wearer.
Leather
Consequently, turnout boots must be _____, which prevents absorption and provides some measure of chemical resistance. In addition, gloves should be the chemically resistant gloves provided with the level “__” decontamination ensemble.
Rubber
B
The personal dosimeter will detect and alarm to _____ radiation and strong ____ sources, allowing sufficient warning to prevent injury.
Gamma
Beta
______ radiation represents a risk only if inhaled or ingested, and donning an SCBA eliminates this route of exposure.
Alpha radiation
Other than the rescue and decontamination of exposure victims, the most difficult task that first responders may face is
Evacuation
_____ units on the scene are only responsible for evacuating those areas where no special protective clothing or equipment is required.
Lapd
It is the duty of _____first responder units to evacuate or secure only those areas where work may be conducted safely in standard personal protective equipment and SCBA.
Lafd
These suits provided for performing decontamination do not enable firefighters to enter hazardous zones, and shall not be worn for that purpose.
Level b splash suits
If it is required _____ teams shall enter only those areas where standard structural PPE and SCBA’s provide an appropriate level of protection.
Evacuation