Book 29: Chapter 5 Water Utilities Flashcards
The _____ ______ supply water to the distribution systems.
The supply systems
Supply systems are ____ or ___ or a combination of both.
Gravity or pump
use a source of water (such as lakes and reservoirs) that is at a higher elevation than a municipality.
Gravity system
Gravity systems:
The pressure of the water delivered into a distribution system is determined by the ______ of the source above the area of usage. As an example, a height of 100 feet will create a pressure of __ psi (___ psi per foot of elevation X 100 feet = 43 psi).
Elevation
43psi
.433
When a source of water is below or at the same elevation as a municipality, or cannot naturally provide sufficient pressure through adequate elevation This is a
Pump system
Water is initially supplied into a distribution system by a combination of pumps and/or gravity. This is a
Combination system
The City of Los Angeles uses a combination system to supply an average of ___ million gallons of water per day to __ million people.
600 million gallons
4 million people
Water is supplied to Los Angeles City from the following sources:
__% from two aqueducts from the _____ ____.
__% from wells within the ___ ______ Valley.
__% from the Metropolitan Water District (MWD) which supplies water from the ____ River and State Water Project (Sacramento and Feather Rivers).
75%
Sierra Nevada
15%
San Fernando valley
10%colorado river
Water is delivered throughout Los Angeles City by a distribution system of ___, _____, ____ valves, and ___ _____, and is normally cross connected at specific intervals to supply water to areas that can be affected by repairs, breakage, and other similar problems.
Pipes, valves, check valves, and water meters
Pipelines within a distribution system can be classified as ____ lines, ____, ____ and _____ lines.
Trunk lines, mains, service and customer lines
carry water from a primary source (reservoirs, pumps, etc.) to mains within a distribution system.
Trunk lines
Trunk lines can vary from __ inches to __ feet in size, and are constructed from ____ or ____.
36 inches to 10 feet
Iron or concrete
____normally run beneath a street and parallel to a curb, can vary from __ to ___ inches in size, and are constructed from ___ ___.
Mains
2-72 inches
Iron pipe
Mains can be cross connected to form ____that allow shutting down a specific main within a distribution system for repairs, etc.
Loops
Water is delivered to individual structures by a combination of _____ and ______ lines.
Service and customer lines
Service lines run between a ___ and a ____ ____, can vary from __ inch to __ inches, and are constructed from iron, copper, or galvanized pipe
Main
Water meter
1/2 inch to 12 inches
Customer lines run between a ____ ____ and a ______, can vary from __ inch to __ inches, and are constructed from iron, copper, galvanized, or ____ ____.
Water meter
Structure
1/2 inch to 12 inches
Plastic pipe
Water utility companies are normally responsible for maintenance and repair of a water distribution system, including:
____ _____ device.
___-____ ____ on either side of a water metering device.
Water metering device
Shut-off valves
Building owners are normally responsible for maintenance and repair of:
Plumbing from the ___-___ valve (on the _____ side of a water metering device), and into a _____.
All ______ inside a structure.
Shut-off valve
Output
Structure
Plumbing
The type and size of water service to a structure is determined by a combination of applicable ____ _____ requirements and water _______ needs that result in the following types of water service configurations:
______ water only.
Domestic water and water for fire protection through a ___ ____.
Domestic water and water for fire protection through ______ _____.
Plumbing code requirements
Consumption needs.
Domestic water
Single service
Separate service
Water service systems are comprised of ____-___ valves, ___ ____ and ______ _____ valves, and _____ _____ valves.
Shut-off valves
Water meters
Detector check valves,
Pressure reducing valves
A ____ box, _____, or _____ often has a centerpiece or lid with a hole that can be utilized to remove the cover. The centerpiece or lid normally identifies the type of utility with the word(s) “WATER,” “DWP,” “L.A. Water,” “LA DWP WATER,” or “CITY WATER METER,” and are often marked with ____ paint.
Meter box, vault, manhole
Blue paint
provide a means for controlling the flow of water through service and customer lines.
Shut off valves (or service valves, curb valves, etc.)
Two types of shut-off valves are commonly utilized:
Non-indicating valves
Indicating valves
These valves do not indicate an open or closed position and are characterized by ball or cone valves and gate valves.
Non-indicating valves
A ___ or ____ valve has a rectangular valve-nut attachment on the top of the valve. When the valve is closed, the valve-nut is ______ to the valve.
Ball or cone
Perpendicular
A ____valve is a non-rising stem valve that has a square valve-nut attachment at the top of the valve stem.
Gate valve
These valves indicate an open or closed position and are characterized by outside stem and yoke (OS&Y) valves and post indicator valves (PIV).
Indicating type valve
___ ____are used to calculate water usage and _____ valves are utilized to allow the flow of water in one direction only.
Water meter
Check valves
Water meters are normally directly adjacent to shut-off valves and vary in size from __ to __ inches (inlet-outlet size).
1/2’’ to 10’’
is used to calculate water usage for domestic water services that can use low and high water flows.
Compound meter
During low water flows, a compound meter operates as a standard water meter. However, if high flows are necessary, a ____ ____ opens and allows the passage of large flows that are metered separately.
Check valve
Compound meters are _ inches or larger and are normally found directly adjacent to ___-___ valves.
4 inches
Shut-off valves
Detector Check Valve with By-Pass Meter. Used to supply water for a closed ____ ______ system.
Fire protection
Most detector check valves will use a small water meter in _____ with the check valve(s) to detect leaks and the unauthorized use of water. Detector check valves can vary in size from _ to __-inches.
Parallel
2-10’’
A domestic water meter and detector check valve providing separate water services.
Combination water service
A water meter and check valve may be located in the same ____ or _____ in adjacent vaults.
Vault
Separated
are normally used in domestic services to reduce high water pressures to an acceptable level inside a structure (i.e., dwellings commonly use 40 to 80 psi).
Pressure reducing valves
Pressure reducing valves are not normally utilized in ____ ______ services.
Fire protection services
A typical domestic water service normally consists of ____, a ____ ____, ____-___ valve(s), a _____ _____ valve, and a typical fire protection service normally consists of _____, _____ _____ valves, and ____-____ valves.
Piping, water meter, shut-off valve, pressure reducing
Piping, detector check, shuf-off valves
In warm climates, water meters can be placed just ____ ____level, and pressure reducing valves, shut-off valves, and detector check valves can be located ____ or ____ grade level (i.e., L.A. City).
Below grade
Above or below
Single family dwelling
Domestic water services will normally consist of a __ to __ inch single water meter with shut-off valve on ___ or ____ sides of a meter.
1/2 to 2 inch
One or both
Single family dwelling:
A customer line runs underground from the ____ to a ____ ____that enters a structure on the exterior or in a _____
Meter
Vertical riser
Basement
Single family dwelling:
A ____ ____ valve can be located near the meter or structure.
Pressure reducing valve
Single family dwelling
Water service for a domestic sprinkler system will normally be a __ inch detector check valve that is located in a separate ____
2’’
Vault
HOTELS
Domestic water and fire protection services are provided by a _____ _____ service that provides domestic water with a _ to _ inch water meter and water for fire protection with a _ to _ inch detector check valve.
Combination water service
4-6 inch
4-8 inch
Hotels:
Shut-off valves are normally adjacent to the ___ ____ and _____ _____ valves, and a post-indicator valve is normally present between the detector check valves and ______.
Water meter
Detector check valves
Structure
Hotels:
The water meter and detector check valves can be in the same vault, separate vaults, or ____ ____
Above ground
APARTMENTS
Domestic water service will normally consist of _ to _ inch customer lines and a single __ to _ inch _____ ____ with a shut-off valve on one or both sides of a meter.
1 to 3 inch
1 to 3 inch
Water meter
Apartments
customer line runs underground from a water meter to a vertical riser that enters a structure on the ______ or _____.
Exterior or interior
Apartments
A _____ _____ valve can be located near the water meter or structure. Water service for fire protection will vary between __ to __ inches.
Pressure reducing
2 to 4 inches
Apartments
The water services for domestic water and fire protection are in separate below _____ ____ or located above ground.
Ground vaults
Apartments
A common alternative to a single 1 to 3 inch water meter is a __inch equivalent water service. This system consists of two _ inch water meters in adjacent vaults that are connected to a single _ inch customer line that enters a structure on the exterior or _____.
3 inch
2inch
3inch
Basement
A commercial occupancy with multiple occupancies (such as mini-malls), can be serviced with water for a domestic water service by a single water meter for an entire building or, by multiple, 1 to 2 inch water meters in separate vaults, which can supply each individual occupancy (referred to as a _____).
Battery
Commercials
_ to _ inch water meter for domestic water service, and _ to _ inch detector check valves for fire protection in separate vaults. Shut-off valves are normally adjacent to a____ _____
1 to 2 inch
2 to 4 inch
Water meter
Commercials
Combination water service with a _ to _ inch water meter for domestic water service, and _ to _ inch detector check valves for fire protection in the same vault.
4 to 8 inch
4 to 10 inch
Commercials:
Shut-off valves are normally adjacent to water meters in ______vaults or a _____ _____ that serves an entire building. Water for fire protection can be provided by detector check valves in a separate vault, or in a common vault with a water meter that serves an entire building. Shut-off valves are normally adjacent to ______ ____ valves and a post indicator valve may be present between the detector check valves and ______.
Separate vaults
Single meter
Detector check valves
Structure
High rise
Domestic water and fire protection service is provided by a combination water service that consists of a _ to __ inch water meter for domestic water and __ to _ inch detector check valves for fire protection in the same vault.
4 to 10 inch
4 to 12 inch
Fire protection is provided by ______ systems and ______ systems.
Sprinkler systems and standpipe systems
The pipes in this system are filled with water at all times. When a head is activated, water immediately flows from activated heads.
Automatic wet pipe
The pipes are filled with compressed air. The pipes are filled with compressed air. When a head is activated, air is immediately released from activated heads.
Automatic dry pipe
Pipes are maintained dry. To charge this system with water, it is necessary for fire department apparatus to pump into the fire department connection to supply water to activated heads.
Non-automatic system
Sprinklers may be open or closed and are supplied with water by a heat actuated valve.
Deluge system
consist of a siamese connection, piping, and 2½ inch outlets on each floor (stairway and/or fire escape balcony) and roof. Water is supplied to this system by fire department apparatus.
Dry standpipe
Designed for occupant use and consists of 100’ of 1½” unlined singled jacketed hose with a ½” straight tip with no shut-off.
Wet standpipe
“_____ _____MACHINE IN AREA” or ____ _____ SYSTEM DIVIDE.” DO NOT turn these valves off unless appropriate approval is obtained.
Life support machine in area
Shut the gate system divide
When closing a ball, cone, or gate valves that are 3 inches or larger, it may be necessary to ______a valve to completely eliminate the flow of water as valves can become encrusted with ___ and ____. When a stubborn cone valve is encountered, slightly loosen the nut on the bottom of the valve (if accessible) and strike the threaded shaft with a _____.
Exercise
Rust and scale
Hammer
Ball valves do not have a ____on the bottom of a valve, and cone valves do.
Nut
Leaks in customer lines (between a water meter, detector check valve, and structure) are normally handled by ____ _____ personnel
Fire service personnel
3/4 to 1 inch service:
A shut-off valve (ball or cone valve) is normally located adjacent to a ____ ____ and may be located above ground or underground. If the valve is underground and not in a meter box, it may be necessary to dig down outside a meter box to access the valve. Turning these valves __ degrees will eliminate the flow of water.
Water meter
90 degrees
1 to 3 inch equivalent service:
A shut-off valve (ball or cone valve) is normally located on ___ ___ of a water meter. Remove both vault covers to access the meter valves. It is necessary to shut off a valve in both _____ to completely eliminate the flow of water past this service configuration.
Both sides
Vaults
Due to the size of these water services and the possibility of damage to building heating, cooling, and other similar systems, personnel should not close these valves unless absolutely necessary. Normally, the DWP should be requested to handle these systems.
4 inch or larger
Leaks from commercial toilets can be eliminated by removing a cap over the relief valve and using a ___-____ _______- to turn the relief valve screw outward.
Slot head screwdriver
Hot water leaks can normally be eliminated by shutting off the appropriate valve at a ____ ____ or _____However, remember to shut off the __ or ______ to the heater to prevent a possible rupture due to expanding water in the heater.
Water heater or boiler
Gas or electricity
Sprinklers can be controlled by using the appropriate sprinkler shut-off tool, then look for ____ shut-off or ____ ____ instead of shutting off the whole system.
Sectional shut off or zone values
To operate a post-indicator valve remove any ______ or ____ securing the control valve. Turn valve in _____ direction to close the valve. The valve will visually indicate the position of the valve by an arrow or display which states “____” OR “____.”
Padlocks or chains clockwise
open or shut
OS&Y valves are turned _____ (so the stem is not ____) to stop the flow of water.
Clockwise
visible
The fire hydrant gate valve is normally found in direct line with the fire hydrant and perpendicular to the curb. A s___inch diameter cap (usually painted ____) covers access to the gate valve.
6’’
Blue
Two members applying moderate pressure to the gate key should be adequate when closing the valve (fire hydrant gate valves may require __ to __full turns to complete a shutdown)
18 - 26
Although approximately __%of all fire hydrant gate valves close in a clockwise direction, a member must recognize those instances when a counterclockwise rotation is necessary to close the valve.
98%
As the gate valve is operated, you will hear and feel the _____ of the valve as it closes.
Vibration
When notifying OCDS of a sheared off fire hydrant, include the following:
Fire hydrant location.
State if fire hydrant has been shut-off.
The number of valves operated.
OCDS will notify the ____ Water Operating Trouble Board and advise them of your actions. The DWP will then dispatch necessary resources to the location.
Dwp
