BOOK 100 HIGH RISE MANUAL CHAPTER 6 VENTILATION

Question 1

A downward draft, or “_____________ effect,” becomes more pronounced when outside temperatures are higher.

Answer 1

Reverse stack effect

Question 2

These vertical passageways provide excellent channels for the travel of fire and smoke, and are also utilized by occupants and Fire Department personnel to exit or access the interior floors.

Answer 2

Stairshafts and elevators

Question 3

Stairshafts in high-rise buildings constructed after ____ are required to employ a shairshaft ventilation system.

Answer 3

1974

Question 4

The fans must provide not less than __ cubic feet per minute while maintaining a positive pressure of not over __ lbs. on interior doors.

Answer 4

50
25

Question 5

HVAC systems can form natural channels for the distribution of smoke within a building. These systems can be operated by _________ or ______ systems.

Answer 5

Manual or automatic

Question 6

a high-rise building will “_____ ________” (movement of air, smoke, etc.) between the floors and into stairshafts.

Answer 6

Leak internally

Question 7

Most high-rise buildings can be classified as “________ _______” (external glass panels are not openable).

Answer 7

Sealed buildings

Question 8

These _____ systems are capable of retaining smoke, heat, and fire gases until they are manually ventilated to the outside environment.

Answer 8

Hvac systems

Question 9

Smoke can travel between floors due to different types of construction such as unsealed openings, spaces or cracks between floors, and “______ _______” construction (openings utilized for pipes, elevators shafts, electrical alleys, etc.).

Answer 9

Poke through construction

Question 10

Additionally the pressure generated by a fire (up to _____ times atmospheric pressure) will force smoke through these openings and may contaminate other floors or stairshafts within the building.

Answer 10

Three times

Question 11

_______ of smoke and fire gases occurs as heat and smoke travel vertically within a building. These products of combustion will rise through any available vertical opening, cooling as they rise, until the temperature is equal to the temperature of the surrounding air.

Answer 11

Stratification

Question 12

This stratification of smoke and fire gases generally serve as a “___” for other products of combustion which will tend to bank down below the stratified smoke and horizontally spread to other portions of the building. This process is common in vertical stairshafts.

Answer 12

Lid

Question 13

__________ is a condition caused by smoke and fire gases that cannot vertically escape a building. Smoke and fire gases will rise to the highest level possible and then begin to bank down and fill all available spaces

Answer 13

Mushrooming

Question 14

Open passageways created by _____ that have been opened or inadvertently “left open” will allow fire and smoke to travel horizontally and/or vertically to additional areas within a building.

Answer 14

Doors

Question 15

Openings created by ______ that have been broken, removed, or opened will allow fire and/or smoke to travel horizontally through the interior of a building.

Answer 15

Windows

Question 16

Openable windows, what era

Answer 16

Pre 1960

Question 17

Post –1960 – Tempered glass on at least ____sides of the building. (At corners, and at ___-foot intervals or less.

Answer 17

Two sides
50 foot intervals

Question 18

Post-1974 – Tempered glass on ____ sides of the building. (At corners, and at ___-foot intervals or less.)

Answer 18

4 sides
50 foot

Question 19

Tempered glass windows are identified by___-inch luminous or reflective decals in a lower corner which indicate they are “_______________”

Answer 19

3 inch
For fire department use

Question 20

What may be substituted for tempered glass

Answer 20

Openable windows, mechanical smoke removal systems

Question 21

Post_____Requirement of Smoke Control Systems (Uniform Building Code) in high rise buildings has eliminated the requirement of the installation of tempered glass.

Answer 21

Post 1996

Question 22

Many HVAC systems incorporate remote controlled
______ at the supply and return ducts on each floor.

Answer 22

Dampers

Question 23

These dampers can be ______ to prevent heat loss during periods when the building is unoccupied (energy conservation), and can be opened to supply “________” air to floors within the building as necessary.

Answer 23

Closed
Conditioned

Question 24

Unless the HVAC system is contributing to the spread of fire or smoke throughout the building, it should be left in the ____ (________) position.

Answer 24

On operating position

Question 25

provide natural channels for the flow of smoke and fire within a high-rise building.

Answer 25

Stairshafts

Question 26

For ventilation purposes, stairshafts can be placed in two categories:

1. Stairshafts that open to the _______ only of a building and provide ______ _____
2. Stairshafts that open to the ________ of a building and provide roof access

Answer 26

Interior
Roof access
Exterior

Question 27

the natural air flow within building stairshafts is virtually static in buildings up to ___ stories. Buildings over ___ stories will naturally flow minimal amounts of air in an upward direction.

Answer 27

25
25

Question 28

Natural vertical air currents of _____ to ____ mph, that flow upward in stairshafts, can be created by simply opening a door at the bottom and roof levels of a stairshaft.

Answer 28

Three to six

Question 29

________ _______ created by Fire Department blowers can effectively create or augment the natural flow of air in a stairshaft and result in the discharge of contaminants within a stairshaft by pressurizing the ground level entrance opening to the stairshaft and removing the contaminants through the smoke control dampers (if present) at the top of the stairshaft and/or opening the roof level door.

Answer 29

Positive pressure

Question 30

Water turbine blowers produce significantly less ______ and will provide more than _____ the cubic feet of air per minute that a like-sized gasoline powered blower. Water turbine blowers can be requested through____

Answer 30

Less noise
Twice
MFC

Question 31

High-rise buildings constructed after 1974 are required to employ an emergency smoke control system that is comprised of the following components:

Answer 31

Pressurized Stairshafts
Mechanical Smoke removal system
Tempered glass or openable windows

Question 32

When the building control room or fire control station has been located , check the status of the following

Answer 32

Smoke indicators for potential location and extension of fire

Elevators

HVAC SYSTEM

Building stair shaft pressurization fans

Question 33

Emphasis should be placed on determining the stairshafts that open to the roof of the building. These stairshafts can be easily cleared of contaminants, facilitating the use of the stairshaft for ________, _______, or _______ operations.

Answer 33

Evacuation
Access
Ventilation

Question 34

shall be responsible for ensuring that stairshafts are pressurized. Primary emphasis shall be placed on the stairshaft utilized by the Fire Attack Team or stairshaft used to access Staging.

Answer 34

Lobby control

Question 35

Regardless of the size, portable blowers should be placed __ feet to __ feet back from the doorway and angled back at least __ degrees.

Answer 35

4 to 6
5 degrees

Question 36

Placing fans in a ___shape is more effective than placing them is series

Answer 36

V shape

Question 37

Placing portable fans inside the building ___________floor is a way to generate pressure differentials to increase the effectiveness of positive pressure in tall buildings.

Answer 37

Below the fire floor

Question 38

Vertical ventilation by opening the door to stair shaft and opening a door at the top of the stair shaft the Stairshaft pressurization fans may be utilized “____ or _____” blowers for this operation

Answer 38

With or without

Question 39

______ ventilation of a contaminated floor in a high-rise building can be effectively accomplished by utilizing blowers or a combination of blowers and stairshaft pressurization fans to pressurize a stairshaft and then directing the flow of pressurized air across the floor to be ventilated

Answer 39

Cross ventilation

Question 40

Cross ventilation directs the flow to

Answer 40

Windows or to an opposing stairshaft that opens to the roof

Question 41

If windows must opened/broken for ventilation purposes, utilize the windows on the _______ side of the building, if possible.

Answer 41

Leeward

Question 42

The preceding cross ventilation operations are effe ctive up to ___ floors in a high-rise building.

Answer 42

25

Question 43

If it is necessary to cross ventilate floors above the 25th floor, it may be necessary to utilize an additional _______ in the pressurized stairshaft to supply additional pressurized air to the floor to be ventilated

Answer 43

Blower