Body Parts Flashcards
Stomach
The digestive organ in the upper abdomen which holds food before passage to the small intestines
Oesophagus
A muscular tube located in the thoracic cavity allowing safe passage of food from throat to stomach
Colon
Large intestine located in the abdomen where faeces are formed
Rectum
End of large intestine where faeces are stored before excretion
Gallbladder
A pear shaped sac below the liver which stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
Anus
An opening at the end of the rectum with faeces are expelled
Mouth
Where food enters the alimentary canal and is ingested, mixed with saliva and passes into the oesophagus
Salivary glands
Produce saliva containing amylase
Pancreas
Gland which produces enzymes to help the body digest food
Liver
Produces bile
Small intestine – duodenum
Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile
Small intestine – Jejunum
Middle part of the small intestine
Small intestine – ileum
Where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph
Peritoneum
Smooth membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
Spleen
In the abdominal cavity it controls the volume of blood circulating and produces antibodies
Nose
Organ of sense of smell connected to the sinuses function is to receive, moisten, warm and filter air
Sinuses
Air cavity within the skull above the nose that produce mucus that moisturises the inside of the nose
Adenoids
Lymph tissue behind the nose which help to fight infection
Pharynx/throat
Extends from the back of the nose to the larynx. Air and food pass through the pharynx
Tonsils
Lymph tissue at the back of the mouth – part of the bodies immune system as they store cells used to fight infection
Larynx/voicebox
Contains the vocal chords
Trachea/windpipe
Continues with larynx and extends to bronchi, composed of cartilage which keeps the structure open to allow air to pass into lungs
Diaphragm
Breathing muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities
Lungs
Spongy cone shaped organs in the thoracic cavity which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Bronchus
Two large breathing tubes which channel air into the lungs from the trachea
Bronchioles
Situated at the end of the bronchi they carry air into the alveoli
Alveoli
Small air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide take place
Pleura
Membranes in the chest cavity which reduce friction and damage to the lungs during the respiration process
Thorax
Chest cavity containing vital organs
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels which facilitate the exchange of oxygen nutrients and waste
Heart
A muscular organ which works to pump blood throughout the body via an intricate network of blood vessels
Arteries
Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood around the body
Ventricle
One of the two lower chambers of the heart
Vein
Blood vessel that returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Atrium
One of the two upper chambers of the heart
Aorta
Main artery of the body carrying oxygenated blood to the body
Endocardium
Lining of the heart
Myocardium
Muscle layer of the heart
Pericardium
Outer covering of the heart
Kidneys
Pair of abdominal organs of the urinary system that filter blood and produce urine
Renal pelvis
Part of the kidney which is a collecting funnel or an outlet funnel from kidney to ureter
Ureter
Pair of urine tubes which run from kidney to bladder
Bladder
Organ of the urinary system in the pelvis p that stores urine
Urethra
A tube in the pelvic region that leads from the bladder and discharges urine outside the body
Testes
Pair of male sex organs that produce sperm and secrete the male sex hormone
Epididymides
A long coiled tube that stores sperm and transports it from the testes
Vas deferens/ deferent ducts/sperm ducts
Ducts which transports sperm from epididymis to the tube of the bladder (urethra)
Semen
Contain sperm mixed with glandular secretions
Prostate gland
Male sex gland that opens into the urethra just below the bladder
Scrotum
Pouch of skin outside the abdominal cavity which holds the testes and epididymides. It maintains the correct environment for efficient spermatogenesis
Penis
Contains urethra and allows passage of urine and semen. The foreskin protects the sensitive swollen end – the glans penis
Vagina
A passageway in the female pelvis extending from uterus known as the birth canal
Cervix
Neck of the womb that opens into the vagina
Uterus
Muscular hollow organ in female pelvis size and shape of a pear, where fetus develops
Fallopian tubes
To tubelike structures situated either side of the uterus which carry the ovum into the uterus
Ovaries
Two small sacks that contain and produce the eggs
Breast
Female milk producing gland – accessory to female reproductive system
Brain
Organ in the skull
Spinal cord
Continuous with the medulla oblongata above and extends to the second lumbar vertebrae below. Relays messages to and from the body and at different levels of the cord itself
Muscle
Tissue with the ability to contract
Tumour
An abnormal mass of tissue
Plasma
A fluid which forms 55% Of the blood
Lymph nodes/glands
Filters that trap debris and bacteria and act as part of the defence system
Appendix
In the large intestine – function unknown
Pelvis
The lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones
Eye
Organ of sight
Amniotic sac
A thin walled sack that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy filled with amniotic fluid
