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Medical Terminology 2 > Body Parts > Flashcards

Body Parts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Stomach

A

The digestive organ in the upper abdomen which holds food before passage to the small intestines

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2
Q

Oesophagus

A

A muscular tube located in the thoracic cavity allowing safe passage of food from throat to stomach

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3
Q

Colon

A

Large intestine located in the abdomen where faeces are formed

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4
Q

Rectum

A

End of large intestine where faeces are stored before excretion

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5
Q

Gallbladder

A

A pear shaped sac below the liver which stores bile and releases it into the small intestine

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6
Q

Anus

A

An opening at the end of the rectum with faeces are expelled

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7
Q

Mouth

A

Where food enters the alimentary canal and is ingested, mixed with saliva and passes into the oesophagus

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8
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva containing amylase

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9
Q

Pancreas

A

Gland which produces enzymes to help the body digest food

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10
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

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11
Q

Small intestine – duodenum

A

Where food is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile

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12
Q

Small intestine – Jejunum

A

Middle part of the small intestine

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13
Q

Small intestine – ileum

A

Where digested food is absorbed into the blood and lymph

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14
Q

Peritoneum

A

Smooth membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

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15
Q

Spleen

A

In the abdominal cavity it controls the volume of blood circulating and produces antibodies

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16
Q

Nose

A

Organ of sense of smell connected to the sinuses function is to receive, moisten, warm and filter air

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17
Q

Sinuses

A

Air cavity within the skull above the nose that produce mucus that moisturises the inside of the nose

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18
Q

Adenoids

A

Lymph tissue behind the nose which help to fight infection

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19
Q

Pharynx/throat

A

Extends from the back of the nose to the larynx. Air and food pass through the pharynx

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20
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymph tissue at the back of the mouth – part of the bodies immune system as they store cells used to fight infection

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21
Q

Larynx/voicebox

A

Contains the vocal chords

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22
Q

Trachea/windpipe

A

Continues with larynx and extends to bronchi, composed of cartilage which keeps the structure open to allow air to pass into lungs

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23
Q

Diaphragm

A

Breathing muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities

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24
Q

Lungs

A

Spongy cone shaped organs in the thoracic cavity which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

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25
Q

Bronchus

A

Two large breathing tubes which channel air into the lungs from the trachea

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26
Q

Bronchioles

A

Situated at the end of the bronchi they carry air into the alveoli

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27
Q

Alveoli

A

Small air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide take place

28
Q

Pleura

A

Membranes in the chest cavity which reduce friction and damage to the lungs during the respiration process

29
Q

Thorax

A

Chest cavity containing vital organs

30
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels which facilitate the exchange of oxygen nutrients and waste

31
Q

Heart

A

A muscular organ which works to pump blood throughout the body via an intricate network of blood vessels

32
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood around the body

33
Q

Ventricle

A

One of the two lower chambers of the heart

34
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessel that returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

35
Q

Atrium

A

One of the two upper chambers of the heart

36
Q

Aorta

A

Main artery of the body carrying oxygenated blood to the body

37
Q

Endocardium

A

Lining of the heart

38
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle layer of the heart

39
Q

Pericardium

A

Outer covering of the heart

40
Q

Kidneys

A

Pair of abdominal organs of the urinary system that filter blood and produce urine

41
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Part of the kidney which is a collecting funnel or an outlet funnel from kidney to ureter

42
Q

Ureter

A

Pair of urine tubes which run from kidney to bladder

43
Q

Bladder

A

Organ of the urinary system in the pelvis p that stores urine

44
Q

Urethra

A

A tube in the pelvic region that leads from the bladder and discharges urine outside the body

45
Q

Testes

A

Pair of male sex organs that produce sperm and secrete the male sex hormone

46
Q

Epididymides

A

A long coiled tube that stores sperm and transports it from the testes

47
Q

Vas deferens/ deferent ducts/sperm ducts

A

Ducts which transports sperm from epididymis to the tube of the bladder (urethra)

48
Q

Semen

A

Contain sperm mixed with glandular secretions

49
Q

Prostate gland

A

Male sex gland that opens into the urethra just below the bladder

50
Q

Scrotum

A

Pouch of skin outside the abdominal cavity which holds the testes and epididymides. It maintains the correct environment for efficient spermatogenesis

51
Q

Penis

A

Contains urethra and allows passage of urine and semen. The foreskin protects the sensitive swollen end – the glans penis

52
Q

Vagina

A

A passageway in the female pelvis extending from uterus known as the birth canal

53
Q

Cervix

A

Neck of the womb that opens into the vagina

54
Q

Uterus

A

Muscular hollow organ in female pelvis size and shape of a pear, where fetus develops

55
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

To tubelike structures situated either side of the uterus which carry the ovum into the uterus

56
Q

Ovaries

A

Two small sacks that contain and produce the eggs

57
Q

Breast

A

Female milk producing gland – accessory to female reproductive system

58
Q

Brain

A

Organ in the skull

59
Q

Spinal cord

A

Continuous with the medulla oblongata above and extends to the second lumbar vertebrae below. Relays messages to and from the body and at different levels of the cord itself

60
Q

Muscle

A

Tissue with the ability to contract

61
Q

Tumour

A

An abnormal mass of tissue

62
Q

Plasma

A

A fluid which forms 55% Of the blood

63
Q

Lymph nodes/glands

A

Filters that trap debris and bacteria and act as part of the defence system

64
Q

Appendix

A

In the large intestine – function unknown

65
Q

Pelvis

A

The lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones

66
Q

Eye

A

Organ of sight

67
Q

Amniotic sac

A

A thin walled sack that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy filled with amniotic fluid

Medical Terminology 2 (26 decks)

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