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Anatomy > 15: Blood > Flashcards

15: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What type of connective tissue is blood?

A

Fluid

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2
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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3
Q

What is the buffy coat in blood? How much of total blood sample is buffy coat?

A

Layer of WBCs and platelets in a centrifuged sample

<1%

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4
Q

What are the 3 major types of proteins in blood from most to least abundant?

A

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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5
Q

Where is albumin produced and what does it do?

A

Liver
Transport vehicle for fatty acids and steroid hormones
Contributor to osmotic pressure (holds water in the blood vessels)

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6
Q

Where are globulins made? What are the main types?

A

Made by special leukocytes called plasma cells
Alpha, beta, gamma

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7
Q

What do alpha and beta globulins do?

A

Transport iron, lipids, vitamins A,D,E,K
Contribute to osmotic pressure

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8
Q

What do gamma globulins do?

A

Antibodies/immunoglobulins that are involved in immunity

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9
Q

Where is fibrinogen produced and what does it do?

A

Liver

Essential for blood clotting

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10
Q

What two proteins constitute regulatory proteins in the blood?

A

Enzymes and hormones

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11
Q

What is different between reticulocytes and erythrocytes?

A

Reticulocytes are immature and contain remnants of organelles

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12
Q

How long are erythrocytes in circulation?

A

120 days

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13
Q

What cells remove worn out erythrocytes?

A

Macrophages

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14
Q

Where does bilirubin come from?

A

A portion of the hemoglobin from degraded erythrocytes, called heme, is converted into biliverdin (a green pigment) and then is converted into bilirubin (a yellow pigment)

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15
Q

What is the name of the general condition of not having enough RBCs or hemoglobin?

A

Anemia

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16
Q

What are the three main causes for anemia?

A

Blood loss, faulty/decreased RBC production, excessive RBC destruction

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17
Q

What is the term for elevated RBC count?

A

Polycythemia

18
Q

Do RBCs and leukocytes originate in the same place?

A

Yes, bone marrow

19
Q

What is the name for the sites through which WBCs leave the small blood vessels?

A

Diapedesis

20
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Movement in response to chemicals. Injured or infected cells and nearby leukocytes emit the equivalent of a chemical “911” call, attracting more leukocytes to the site.

21
Q

What are the 2 primary classes of WBCs?

A

Granular and agranular

22
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of granular leukocytes from most common to least common?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

23
Q

What are the two subtypes of agranular leukocytes?

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

24
Q

What subtype of leukocytes acts as a phagocyte and contain lysozyme?

A

Neutrophil

25
Q

What subtype of leukocyte counteracts the activities of histamines and target parasites?

A

Eosinophils

26
Q

What subtype of leukocytes are least common, release histamines, and oppose blood clotting with heparin?

A

Basophils

27
Q

What leukocyte subtype is essential for coordinating immune cell activity?

A

Lymphocytes

28
Q

What leukocyte subtype is a phage of many foreign bodies and debris as well as releasing antimicrobial defensins?

A

Monocyte

29
Q

What condition results in too few leukocytes being produced?

A

Leukopenia

30
Q

What cancerous condition is caused by leukocytes that do not die?

A

Leukemia

31
Q

What is a platelet made from?

A

A fragment of the cytoplasm of a cell called a megakaryocyte

32
Q

What is fibrin?

A

Insoluble filamentous protein derived from fibrinogen that forms the mesh of a blood clot

33
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

A condition in which there are too many platelets

34
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

A condition in which there are not enough platelets

35
Q

What is not produced by the liver in the case of hemophilia?

A

Inadequate productions of one or more clotting factors

36
Q

What determines blood type?

A

Presence or absence of specific antigens on erythrocyte plasma membranes

37
Q

What are the two main classifications of antigens on plasma membranes of RBCs?

A

ABO blood group and Rh blood group

38
Q

What characteristics does B- blood have?

A

RBCs have B antigens, A antibodies are in the blood stream, and there is no Rh antibody in the blood stream

39
Q

What is a hemocytoblast?

A

Blood stem cell in red bone marrow

40
Q

What two stem cells are produced from hemocytoblasts and what do they give rise to?

A

Lymphoid stem cells (to become leukocytes) and myeloid stem cells (to become all other formed elements in blood)

41
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

A hemopoietic growth factor that stimulates development from stem cells into other cells

42
Q

What is thrombopoietin?

A

Growth factor that stimulates production of platelets from megakaryocytes

Anatomy (21 decks)

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