block e lecture 1 Flashcards
where is the liver located
uper right corner of the abdomen
what are the 2 major blood vessels related to the liver
hepatic artery
portal vein
how much of total blood flow does hepatic artery supply
25%
what does the portal vein drain most of
GI tract
how much does the portal vein supply
75%
what does the portal vein transport
most recently absorbed material from intestines to liver
what does the liver store
glycogen
vitamins
iron
what is the name of the system for the synthesis and breakdown of blood cells
reticulendothelial
what does the liver do to endogenous and exogenous compounds
liver cells metabolize, detoxify and excrete
how are liver diseases diagnosed
medical and family history
eating and drinking habits
LFTs
blood count tests
CTs, MRIs or ultrasounds
liver biopsy
how is hep a spread
contact with contaminated food or water
what is hep b and how can it spread
acute (short term) chronic (long term)
spread through bodily fluids
is there a cure for hep b
treatable but incureable
what is hep c and how is it spread
acute or chronic
spread through contact with blood of someone with hep c
what can hep c lead to
permanent liver damage
what is hep d
serious form of hep
only develops in people with hep b
how is hep e caused
drinking contaminated water
what are the major causes of chronic hepatitis
hep b and c
what is the treatment in early hep c that may reduce risk of chronic infection
interferon alpha
how to interferons work
do not directly kill viral or cancerous cells
boost immune system response by stimulating T cells to attack
examples of anti viral drugs
ombitasvir
paritaprevir
ritonavir
what drug inhibits the hep c protein (and what is the protein)
sofobuvir
NS5B
what is NAFLD
non alcoholic fatty liver disease
what is AFLD
alcoholic fatty liver disease
if not unmanaged what can both types of FLD cause
liver damage
cirrhosis
liver failure
what is vit e
potent antioxidant
what is used to treat adults with advanced liver fibrosis
pioglitazone or vitamin E
what does pioglitazone improve
sensitivity of hepatic tissue to insulin
how does pioglitazone work
PPARs
alter transcription of genes influencing carb and lipid metabolism
3 autoimmune conditions that attack cells and liver
autoimmune hep
primary biliary cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis
what is autoimmune hepatitis
immune system attacks liver = inflammation
if untreated = cirrhosis and liver failure
what is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
results from damage to bile ducts
cirrhosis and liver failure
what is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
inflamm condition
gradual damage to bile ducts= blocked
=bile build up in liver
cirrhosis and liver failure
2 drugs that are used to treat the autoimmune conditions
prednisolone
azathioprine
what does prenisolone increase and decrease
increases neutrophils
decreases T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles, basophiles
how does AZA work
immunosuppressive
effects as an antagonist of purine metabolism
resulting in inhibition of DNA RNA and protein synthesis
most common type of liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma
2 things used to treat liver cancer
prednisolone
everolimus (mTOR inhibitor)
what is cholestatsis
impairment of bile formation
presents with dark urine, pale stools, jaundice
