block e lecture 1

Question 1

where is the liver located

Answer 1

uper right corner of the abdomen

Question 2

what are the 2 major blood vessels related to the liver

Answer 2

hepatic artery
portal vein

Question 3

how much of total blood flow does hepatic artery supply

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

what does the portal vein drain most of

Answer 4

GI tract

Question 5

how much does the portal vein supply

Answer 5

75%

Question 6

what does the portal vein transport

Answer 6

most recently absorbed material from intestines to liver

Question 7

what does the liver store

Answer 7

glycogen
vitamins
iron

Question 8

what is the name of the system for the synthesis and breakdown of blood cells

Answer 8

reticulendothelial

Question 9

what does the liver do to endogenous and exogenous compounds

Answer 9

liver cells metabolize, detoxify and excrete

Question 10

how are liver diseases diagnosed

Answer 10

medical and family history
eating and drinking habits
LFTs
blood count tests
CTs, MRIs or ultrasounds
liver biopsy

Question 11

how is hep a spread

Answer 11

contact with contaminated food or water

Question 12

what is hep b and how can it spread

Answer 12

acute (short term) chronic (long term)
spread through bodily fluids

Question 13

is there a cure for hep b

Answer 13

treatable but incureable

Question 14

what is hep c and how is it spread

Answer 14

acute or chronic
spread through contact with blood of someone with hep c

Question 15

what can hep c lead to

Answer 15

permanent liver damage

Question 16

what is hep d

Answer 16

serious form of hep
only develops in people with hep b

Question 17

how is hep e caused

Answer 17

drinking contaminated water

Question 18

what are the major causes of chronic hepatitis

Answer 18

hep b and c

Question 19

what is the treatment in early hep c that may reduce risk of chronic infection

Answer 19

interferon alpha

Question 20

how to interferons work

Answer 20

do not directly kill viral or cancerous cells
boost immune system response by stimulating T cells to attack

Question 21

examples of anti viral drugs

Answer 21

ombitasvir
paritaprevir
ritonavir

Question 22

what drug inhibits the hep c protein (and what is the protein)

Answer 22

sofobuvir
NS5B

Question 23

what is NAFLD

Answer 23

non alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 24

what is AFLD

Answer 24

alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 25

if not unmanaged what can both types of FLD cause

Answer 25

liver damage
cirrhosis
liver failure

Question 26

what is vit e

Answer 26

potent antioxidant

Question 27

what is used to treat adults with advanced liver fibrosis

Answer 27

pioglitazone or vitamin E

Question 28

what does pioglitazone improve

Answer 28

sensitivity of hepatic tissue to insulin

Question 29

how does pioglitazone work

Answer 29

PPARs
alter transcription of genes influencing carb and lipid metabolism

Question 30

3 autoimmune conditions that attack cells and liver

Answer 30

autoimmune hep
primary biliary cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 31

what is autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 31

immune system attacks liver = inflammation
if untreated = cirrhosis and liver failure

Question 32

what is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)

Answer 32

results from damage to bile ducts
cirrhosis and liver failure

Question 33

what is primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

Answer 33

inflamm condition
gradual damage to bile ducts= blocked
=bile build up in liver
cirrhosis and liver failure

Question 34

2 drugs that are used to treat the autoimmune conditions

Answer 34

prednisolone
azathioprine

Question 35

what does prenisolone increase and decrease

Answer 35

increases neutrophils
decreases T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles, basophiles

Question 36

how does AZA work

Answer 36

immunosuppressive
effects as an antagonist of purine metabolism
resulting in inhibition of DNA RNA and protein synthesis

Question 37

most common type of liver cancer

Answer 37

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 38

2 things used to treat liver cancer

Answer 38

prednisolone
everolimus (mTOR inhibitor)

Question 39

what is cholestatsis

Answer 39

impairment of bile formation
presents with dark urine, pale stools, jaundice