block d lecture 1 Flashcards
what do astrocytes connect with
neurons and blood vessels
BBB
what wraps around axon
myelin sheath
what do myelin sheaths do
increase speed of action potential conduction
as found in a recent development what forms during learning of a new motor skill
oligodendrocyte
3 major subdivisions of the brain
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
3 major subdivisions of the brain
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
what makes up the outer forebrain
cerebrum
corpus striatum
hippocampus
what makes up inner forebrain
thalamus
hypothalamus
what makes up midbrain
substantia nigra
what makes up hindbrain
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
reticular formation
what makes up hindbrain
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
reticular formation
what does the outer forebrain comprise of
nerve cells
grey matter
what are the 4 lobes on the outer forebrain
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
what is the surface area of the brain increased by
ridges (gyri) and grooves (fissures and sulci)
name of the 2 sulci on outer forebrain
central sulcus
lateral sulcus
what is the outer forebrain concerned with
sensory and motor functions
what coordinates body movements
corpus straitum
2 things that the corpus straitum is part of
outer forebrain
basal ganglia
2 things that the hippocampus is part of
outer forebrain
limbic system
what part of the brain is involved in memory
hippocampus
what does the limbic system coordinate
emotion
what is the thalamus responsible for
relay centre
recieves sensory input - cerebrum
relays cerebrum moter output to other areas
what does the hypothalamus regulate
autonomic endocrine systems
essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temp, metabolic rate
what does the hypothalamus regulate
autonomic endocrine systems
essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temp, metabolic rate
2 things that substantia nigra is part of
basal ganglia
midbrain
what does the cerebellum control
fine, coordinated body movements
what does brain stem reticular formation modulate
wakefullness/sleep
what is pons/brain stem coordinate
visceral reflexes (breathing, digestion, HR)
ventral root
motor/efferent nerves leaving cord and innervate effectors
dorsal root
sensory/afferent nerves entering body
dorsal root ganglion
sensory nerve cell bodies
what is the spinal cord surrounded by
ascending and descending nerve tracts
what is in the centre of the spinal cord
neuronal cell bodies
what is in the centre of the spinal cord
neuronal cell bodies
3 things that make up blood brain barrier
plasma
interstitial fluid
cerebrospinal fluid
4 things the liquid of the BBB does
-supplies metabolites
-physically protects the brain
-provides appropriate chemical environment for neuronal function
-removes waste
what does the BBB rely on
blood glucose and O2
no glycogen stores
structural specialisations that help the BBB separate CNS from blood
tight junctions between endothelial cells
astrocytes as second barrier
what is allowed to pass from blood to CNS
-small non ionised, lipid soluble compounds
eg O2, CO2. hormones
-substrates for specific transporters
eg glucose, ess aa, ions
what is not allowed to pass from blood to CNS
proteins, substances bound to plasma proteins, toxins, pathogens, most drugs
what occurs to BBB and CNS when injury or inflammation occurs eg meningitis
BBB breakdown
CNS exposed to harmful substances
what occurs to BBB and CNS when injury or inflammation occurs eg meningitis
BBB breakdown
CNS exposed to harmful substances
what fills ventricular spaces in brain
CSF
what is also filled with CSF in brain
2x lateral
3rd
4th
spinal cord
2 things that CSF does to help the brain
-cushions brain and spinal cord from physical forces
-aids removal of waste to venous system
how does CSF exit
via one way valves to veins
what produces CSF
choroid plexus
what type of cells line ventricles
ependymal cells
2 things the choroid plexus is composed of
ependymal cells
capillary bed
how is water driven into ventricle
ependymal cells actively secrete Na into ventricle and Cl follows
