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pharmacology bm213 > block d lecture 1 > Flashcards

block d lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what do astrocytes connect with

A

neurons and blood vessels
BBB

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2
Q

what wraps around axon

A

myelin sheath

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3
Q

what do myelin sheaths do

A

increase speed of action potential conduction

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4
Q

as found in a recent development what forms during learning of a new motor skill

A

oligodendrocyte

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5
Q

3 major subdivisions of the brain

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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6
Q

3 major subdivisions of the brain

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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7
Q

what makes up the outer forebrain

A

cerebrum
corpus striatum
hippocampus

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8
Q

what makes up inner forebrain

A

thalamus
hypothalamus

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9
Q

what makes up midbrain

A

substantia nigra

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10
Q

what makes up hindbrain

A

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
reticular formation

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10
Q

what makes up hindbrain

A

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
pons
reticular formation

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11
Q

what does the outer forebrain comprise of

A

nerve cells
grey matter

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12
Q

what are the 4 lobes on the outer forebrain

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

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13
Q

what is the surface area of the brain increased by

A

ridges (gyri) and grooves (fissures and sulci)

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14
Q

name of the 2 sulci on outer forebrain

A

central sulcus
lateral sulcus

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15
Q

what is the outer forebrain concerned with

A

sensory and motor functions

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16
Q

what coordinates body movements

A

corpus straitum

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17
Q

2 things that the corpus straitum is part of

A

outer forebrain
basal ganglia

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18
Q

2 things that the hippocampus is part of

A

outer forebrain
limbic system

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19
Q

what part of the brain is involved in memory

A

hippocampus

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20
Q

what does the limbic system coordinate

A

emotion

21
Q

what is the thalamus responsible for

A

relay centre
recieves sensory input - cerebrum
relays cerebrum moter output to other areas

22
Q

what does the hypothalamus regulate

A

autonomic endocrine systems
essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temp, metabolic rate

23
Q

what does the hypothalamus regulate

A

autonomic endocrine systems
essential for hunger, thirst, osmotic balance, body temp, metabolic rate

24
Q

2 things that substantia nigra is part of

A

basal ganglia
midbrain

25
Q

what does the cerebellum control

A

fine, coordinated body movements

26
Q

what does brain stem reticular formation modulate

A

wakefullness/sleep

27
Q

what is pons/brain stem coordinate

A

visceral reflexes (breathing, digestion, HR)

28
Q

ventral root

A

motor/efferent nerves leaving cord and innervate effectors

29
Q

dorsal root

A

sensory/afferent nerves entering body

30
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

sensory nerve cell bodies

31
Q

what is the spinal cord surrounded by

A

ascending and descending nerve tracts

32
Q

what is in the centre of the spinal cord

A

neuronal cell bodies

32
Q

what is in the centre of the spinal cord

A

neuronal cell bodies

33
Q

3 things that make up blood brain barrier

A

plasma
interstitial fluid
cerebrospinal fluid

34
Q

4 things the liquid of the BBB does

A

-supplies metabolites
-physically protects the brain
-provides appropriate chemical environment for neuronal function
-removes waste

35
Q

what does the BBB rely on

A

blood glucose and O2
no glycogen stores

36
Q

structural specialisations that help the BBB separate CNS from blood

A

tight junctions between endothelial cells
astrocytes as second barrier

37
Q

what is allowed to pass from blood to CNS

A

-small non ionised, lipid soluble compounds
eg O2, CO2. hormones
-substrates for specific transporters
eg glucose, ess aa, ions

38
Q

what is not allowed to pass from blood to CNS

A

proteins, substances bound to plasma proteins, toxins, pathogens, most drugs

39
Q

what occurs to BBB and CNS when injury or inflammation occurs eg meningitis

A

BBB breakdown
CNS exposed to harmful substances

40
Q

what occurs to BBB and CNS when injury or inflammation occurs eg meningitis

A

BBB breakdown
CNS exposed to harmful substances

41
Q

what fills ventricular spaces in brain

A

CSF

42
Q

what is also filled with CSF in brain

A

2x lateral
3rd
4th
spinal cord

43
Q

2 things that CSF does to help the brain

A

-cushions brain and spinal cord from physical forces
-aids removal of waste to venous system

44
Q

how does CSF exit

A

via one way valves to veins

45
Q

what produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

46
Q

what type of cells line ventricles

A

ependymal cells

47
Q

2 things the choroid plexus is composed of

A

ependymal cells
capillary bed

48
Q

how is water driven into ventricle

A

ependymal cells actively secrete Na into ventricle and Cl follows

pharmacology bm213 (16 decks)

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