block a lecture 3

Question 1

what is a transporter

Answer 1

a protein which helps move molecules across a membrane in or out of the cell

Question 2

2 examples of generic transporters

Answer 2

glucose transporters
moving glucose in the liver and skeletal muscle

aa transporters in the intestine to take aa into the body

Question 3

chemical name of the serotonin neurotransmitter

Answer 3

5-hydroxytryptamine
5-HT

Question 4

where is 5-HT released from and what does it affect

Answer 4

released from nerve cells in the brain and affects other target nerve cells increasing activity

Question 5

what receptor does it interact with

Answer 5

5-HT receptor on target cells

Question 6

what type of neurotransmitter is 5-HT known as

Answer 6

excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 7

5-HT is an excitatory neurotransmitter, what is the effect on brain activity

Answer 7

increases brain activity

Question 8

what does SSRI stand for

Answer 8

selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor

Question 9

what does fluoxetine block

Answer 9

blocks the 5HT reuptake transporter

Question 10

what does more 5HT hanging around in the space between the 2 neurons lead to

Answer 10

more likely to stimulate the 5HT receptor on target neuron
-more activity
-better mood

Question 11

what does a proton pump transport

Answer 11

H ions

Question 12

what does an anti porter do

Answer 12

one mol in one direction and the other in counterdirection

Question 13

with omeprazole why are H ions moved to the gut

Answer 13

because low pH is needed in stomach

Question 14

what does too much acid in the stomach lead to

Answer 14

ulcers

Question 15

3 medical uses of proton pump inhibitors

Answer 15

peptic ulcers
GERD
gastrin producing tumour

Question 16

why do peptic ulcers arise

Answer 16

too much acid damages stomach lining

Question 17

what does GERD stand for and what is it/lead to

Answer 17

gastroesophageal reflux disease
sphincter doesnt shut properly-acid into the oesophagus

Question 18

what is a gastrin producing tumour

Answer 18

a pancreatic tumour which produces too much gastrin

Question 19

what does gastrin stimulate

Answer 19

stimulates parietal cells to release acid

Question 20

what are ion channels

Answer 20

pores in the membrane made up of proteins

Question 21

4 different types of channels

Answer 21

ligand gated
mechanically gated
always open
voltage gated

Question 22

cells that are excitable have lots of ion channels
why is this

Answer 22

because the cells have to respond quickly

Question 23

examples of cells that have lots of ion channels

Answer 23

nerve cells
skeletal cells
muscle cells
heart cells

Question 24

how quickly do ion channels open

Answer 24

miliseconds

Question 25

what are the charges outside and inside the cell

Answer 25

-ve outside
+ve inside

Question 26

what is an action potential

Answer 26

change in membrane potential

Question 27

6 stages of action potential

Answer 27

1- Na channels open, Na enters the cell
2- K channels open, K leaves the cell
3- Na channels become refractory, no more Na enters cell
4- K still leaves cell causing membrane poten. to return to normal
5- K channels close, Na channels rest
6- extra K outside diffuses away

Question 28

where does action potential relay down

Answer 28

the nerve
until it gets to the end organ where transmitter release happens

Question 29

what are the 3 classes of sodium channel blockers

Answer 29

class 1A
class 1B
class 1C

Question 30

what is the mnemonic for the class 1A of sodium channel blockers

Answer 30

double quarter pounder

Question 31

what is the mnemonic for the class 1B sodium channel blockers

Answer 31

lettuce tomato pickles

Question 32

what is the mnemonic for the class 1C sodium channel blockers

Answer 32

fries please

Question 33

names of the class 1A sodium channel blockers

Answer 33

Disopyramide
Quinidine
Procainamide

Question 34

names of the class 1B sodium channel blockers

Answer 34

Lidocaine
Tocainide
Phenytoin
Mexiletine

Question 35

names of the class 1C sodium channel blockers

Answer 35

Flecainide
Propafenone

Question 36

mechanism of action of lidocaine

Answer 36

blocks the channel from inside the cell

Question 37

why does the use of lidocaine result in no pain

Answer 37

no action potential

Question 38

2 other pain meds that are used similarly to lidocaine

Answer 38

benzocaine
bupivicaine

Question 39

what do Ca2 channels in the vascular smooth muscle do

Answer 39

mediates contraction
controls blood pressure