block c lecture 1 Flashcards
endocrine physiology
2 main types of hormones
-chemically (peptide vs steroid)
-functionally (short term vs long term regulation of function)
example of a peptide hormone
insulin
how are the chains joined in peptide hormones
disulphide bridges
what does the nature of the aa at each point in peptide hormones affect
affects ability of this to occupy a receptor and elicit a response in a whole tissue
2 examples of steriod hormones
cortisol
testosterone
what are steroid like hormones
longer acting hormones
example of a steroid like hormone
thyroxine
onset, offset, and secretion of peptide hormones
rapid onset
rapid offset
secreted in bursts when required
onset, offset, and secretion of steroid type hormones
slow onset
slow offset
secreted to maintain constant plasma hormone concentration
examples of short term regulation in peptide hormones
glucose
water
calcium
when are peptide hormone secretions terminated
when desired physiological correction achieved
what is T1D
islets of langerhans are destroyed (autoimmune)
what is T2D
response to insulin fails in the body, doesnt effect the tissues the way it should
what does glucagon do to glucose concentration
raise glucose conc
what does insulin do to glucose concentration
decreased glucose conc
what occurs to BGL after someone has a meal
bgl increases
what does the increase of insulin release promotes
glucose into the cell
what is glycogen
longer term store carb
what does the increase in glucagon release do
brings about release of glycogen stores in lover
restoring glucose conc
what is Ca important for
cell signalling
what hormone raises blood conc of Ca2
parathyroid hormone
what cells produce PTH
parathyroid cells
once physiological level os Ca is reached what occurs
PTH hormone is reduced too
where do you typically see great exertions in hormone level bar
menstrual cycle and cortisol response
what hormone does the thyroid produce
thyroxine
what hormone does the adrenal cortex produce
cortisol
what hormones do the gonads produce
sex hormones
what does IGF-1 stand for
insulin growth factor 1
where are hypothalamic hormones secreted
into median eminence
how do hypothalamic hormones reach the anterior pituitary to control its secretion
blood vessels have capillairies at either end coming down into the lobe and will affect secretory activities
what does TRH stand for
thyrotrophin releasing hormone
what does CRH stand for
corticotrophin releasing hormone
what does GH-RH stand for
growth hormone releasing hormone
what does Gn-RH stand for
gonadotrophins releasing hormone
what does Gn-RH stand for
gonadotrophins releasing hormone
what does the hypothalamus also secrete
inhibitory factors
what is CRH perceived by
higher brain centres
what does stress cause
a marked increase in cortisol secretion
what are peptide hormones controlled by
blood constituent
