block c lecture 3 Flashcards
reproduction
2 functions of testes
gametogenesis
endocrine
5 functions of sertoli cells
-phagocytosis of defective sperm
-nourish sperm
-paracrine function (growth factors, androgen binding protein)
-barrier function (blood/seminiferous epithelium)
-endocrine function (inhibin, oestrogens, MIF (AMF))
what is the temp requirement for spermatogenesis
~34 degrees cel (2-3 degrees below body temp)
what is the temperature for spermatogenesis determined by
function of scrotum
blood supply
how is the scrotum adapted to lose heat
large surface area
abundant sweat glands
name of the vein that takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart
pampiniform plexus
name of the vein that takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart
pampiniform plexus
where are testes developed
intra-abdominally
what occurs if the testes fail to descend
cryptochidism
sterility
4 hormones requires for spermatogenesis
GnRH
FSH
LH
testosterone
3 actions of androgens
spermatogenesis
external genitalia
ducts and glands
4 actions of androgens
spermatogenesis
external genitalia
ducts and glands
2 sexual characteristics
4 main ducts
ejaculatory duct
vans deferens
epididymis
urethra
3 accessory glands
seminal vesicle
prostate
bulbourethral gland
examples of 2 sex characteristics
male pattern baldness
aggressiveness
enlarged larynx - deeper voice
muscle mass
the female duct in early foetal reproductive system
mullerian
the male duct in early foetal reproductive system
wolffian
what does failure of foetal testis- no androgen secretion or no androgen receptors result in
external genitalia develop along female lines
the 3 phases of menstrual phase
menstrual phase
follicular phase
luteal phase
what days does the menstrual phase occur
1-5
what days does the follicular phase occur
5-14
on what day does ovulation occur
14
what days does the luteal phase occur
14-28
ovarian events controlled by hormones
follicle development
ovulation
corpus luteum development
uterine events controlled by hormones
endometrium
cervix
motility
when does oogenesis occur
during intrauterine development in female foetus
at birth how many primary oocytes are present
2-4 million
what occurs during follicular phase
endometrium thickens
glands grow
blood vessels grow
what occurs during luteal phase
thickening of endometrium declines
glands branch, secrete
what occurs when spiral arteries dilate
inner endometrium becomes ischaemic and tissue dies
what changes in the cervix around the time of ovulation
thin watery secretion
allows sperm penetration
what phases do uterine peristaltic contractions increase
increase as follicular phase progresses
increase during menstrual phase
what phase do uterine peristaltic contractions decrease
during luteal phase
in which phase is oestrogen more prominent
follicular phase
in which phase is progesterone more prominent
progesterone
in which phase is there reduced levels of oestrogen and progesterone
menstrual phase
what occurs as a result of increase in oestrogen during follicular phase
endometrial development
cervical mucus
increase in contractions
what occurs as a result of increase in progesterone during luteal phase
gland development and secretion
cervical mucus
decrease in contractions
what occurs as a result of reduced levels of oestrogen and progesterone during menstrual phase
constriction of spiral arteries
endometrial shedding
