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pharmacology bm213 > block b lecture 2 > Flashcards

block b lecture 2 Flashcards

the heart contraction, receptors, and drugs

1
Q

5 main functions of cardiovascular system

A

-rapid transport of nutrients
-removal of waste products of metabolism
-hormonal control by transporting hormones
-temp regulation
-host defense

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2
Q

the walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle cells, what is this

A

myocardium

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3
Q

what is the inner surface of walls that is in contact with the blood

A

endocardium

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4
Q

what is the inner lining of the pericardium is continuous with the covering of the heart itself

A

epicardium

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5
Q

what is the fluid filled membranous sac in which the heart is located

A

pericardium

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6
Q

what are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle

A

systole
diastole

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7
Q

what is the name of the contractile phase

A

systole

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8
Q

what is the name of the relaxation, filling phase

A

diastole

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9
Q

what are cardiac muscle cells joined together by

A

gap junctions

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10
Q

what do gap junctions allow for the spread of

A

excitation from one cell to another

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11
Q

myocardium contains specialized cells that constitute what system

A

conducting system

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12
Q

what supplies the myocardium with blood

A

coronary arteries

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13
Q

summary of events leading to cardiac contraction

A

-depolarization
-opening of voltage ca2 channels
-flow of ca2
-ca2 release
-rise in ca2 conc
-contraction

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14
Q

5 structures that are important to spread electrical activity

A

-sino-atrial node =pacemaker
-atrial myocardium
-atrioventricular node (tactical pause)
-ventricular conducting fibres (freeways)
-ventricular myocardium (surface roads)

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15
Q

what is an action potential (cardiac)

A

transient depolarisation of cell membrane

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16
Q

where does cardiac action potential occur

A

in nodal cells

17
Q

how is cardiac action potential transmitted

A

from adjacent myocytes through gap junctions

18
Q

2 cell types of the intrinsic conduction system

A

fast depolarising
slow depolarising

19
Q

what does ARP stand for

A

absolute refractory period

20
Q

what does RRP stand for

A

relative refractory period

21
Q

ARP in myocytes

A

250ms

22
Q

at rest what predominates (para or sympathetic)

A

parasympathetic

23
Q

what are sympathetic fibres receptors

A

noradrenaline -b1 receptors

24
Q

what do noradrenaline b1 receptors increase permeability of

A

nodal cell plasma membrane to Na and Ca2

25
Q

what are parasympathetic fibre receptors

A

acetylcholine M2 receptors

26
Q

what do acetylcholine -M2 receptors increase permeability to

A

K and decrease Na and Ca2

27
Q

how do you calculate cardiac output

A

SV x HR

28
Q

what is stroke volume (SV)

A

volume of blood pumped per contraction

29
Q

what is end diastolic volume (EDV)

A

volume of blood in ventricle before contraction

30
Q

what is the Frank Starling law of the heart

A

represents the relationship between stroke volume and end diastolic volume

31
Q

names of some of the other receptors in the heart

A

b1 receptor, mostly muscarinic M2
b2
a1 receptors
angiotensin II

32
Q

what is arterial blood pressure given by

A

cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR)

33
Q

what does total peripheral vascular resistance depend on (TPR)

A

blood viscosity
arteriolar radius

34
Q

healthy young adult arterial bp and TPR

A

120/80 mmHg

35
Q

what does noreadrenaline a1 (sympathetic nerves) do to arteriolar radius

A

constrict

36
Q

what does nerves, acetylcholine, and M3 (sympathetic cholinergic) do to arteriolar radius

A

dilate

37
Q

what does b2 (plasma adrenaline) do to arteriolar radius

A

dilate

38
Q

what does decreased PO2 and increased PCO2, K, and adenosine do to arteriolar radius

A

dilate

39
Q

intermediate reflexes of regulation of arterial blood pressure

A

baroreceptor reflex
chemoreceptor reflexes

pharmacology bm213 (16 decks)

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