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pharmacology bm213 > block a lecture 2 > Flashcards

block a lecture 2 Flashcards

where do drugs act

1
Q

what drug has a similar structure to adrenaline

A

salbutamol

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2
Q

what receptor does salbutamol work on

A

smooth muscle receptors
(beta 2 receptor)

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3
Q

what does salbutamol interact with once activating beta 2 receptor

A

GCPR

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4
Q

what response occurs after salbutamol activated receptor and interacts with GCPR

A

converts ATP into cAMP causing inhibition of calcium

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5
Q

what does the inhibition of calcium do

A

relaxation of the airways allowing more air into lungs

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6
Q

what type of agonist is salbutamol

A

b2 selective agonist for the. receptor

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7
Q

what type of antagonists are antihistamines

A

histamine H1 antagonist

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8
Q

how is histamine released during hay fever

A

T cell hypersensitivity (Th2)
too much IgE produced
IgE interacts with receptor on mast cells
promoting release of histamine stored in granules
driving inflamm response

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9
Q

mechanism of action of mepyramine

A

H1 blockers
needs to be selective for H1 (GCPR directed)

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10
Q

what type of antagonists used for heart arrythmias

A

beta blockers
(b1 antagonists)

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11
Q

what type of antagonists used for treatment of stomach ulcers

A

antagonists of histamine H2 receptors

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12
Q

what type of antagonists used to lower blood pressure

A

antagonists of angiotensin II receptor

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13
Q

what type of antagonists used for heart attacks (inhibits platelet aggregation)

A

antagonist of purinergic (P2Y12) receptor on platelets

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14
Q

example of a steroid hormone receptor drug

A

the pill
oestrogen and progesterone analogues (agonists)

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15
Q

what receptor is the pill directed at

A

nuclear receptors

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16
Q

what is an enzyme

A

proteins which drive chemical reactions inside the cell
essential for cell function

17
Q

name of the acid that is aspirin

A

acetyl salicylic acid

18
Q

who discovered/synthesised aspirin and when

A

1897 felix hoffman

19
Q

what is a cox inhibitor

A

cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor

20
Q

how does aspirin work as a COX inhibitor

A

takes arachidonic acid into catalytic site and oxidases it
converted into PGH2 volatile, then into TXA2 and PGE2
aspirin gets into site and acetyl serine residues and cyclooxigenates preventing formation of TXA2 and PGE2

21
Q

what is PGE2

A

prostaglandin
involved in inflammation
mediated by COX-2

22
Q

what is TXA2

A

thromboxane A2
prostaglandin like product
involved in platelet aggregation during clotting
mediated by COX-1

23
Q

what dosage of aspirin for inflammation, period pain, headaches etc

A

300mg

24
Q

how does low dose aspirin work in the prevention of secondary heart attacks

A

inhibiting COX-1 in platelets
not a statin

25
Q

dosage of aspirin when using for prevention of secondary heart attacks

A

75mg

26
Q

what is an ACE inhibitor

A

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

27
Q

what system is ACE a part of

A

renin angiotensin system

28
Q

what is angiotensin II

A

a peptide

29
Q

what does ACE do

A

convert ang I to ang II
ang II works on GCPR

30
Q

what was the venom of brazilian pit viper found to do

A

reduce blood pressure

31
Q

pharm companies made non peptide analogues of the venom, why was this

A

cannot make peptide drugs as they would be broken down in the liver

32
Q

ACE inhibitors as medication

A

blood pressure meds
prevents angiotensin II being formed
less vasoconstriction= lower blood pressure

32
Q

ACE inhibitors as medication

A

blood pressure meds
prevents angiotensin II being formed
less vasoconstriction= lower blood pressure

33
Q

what do statins do

A

lower cholesterol and prevents heart attacks

34
Q

what does sildenafil inhibit

A

inhibits the enzyme which breakdown cGMP- helps with erectile dysfunction (PDE5 inhibitor)

35
Q

what does nevirapine inhibit and treat

A

non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV-1
used to treat patients with HIV and AIDS

36
Q

how does penicillin inhibit bacteria

A

kills bacteria through binding of the beta lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase

pharmacology bm213 (16 decks)

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