BLOCK 9: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH - Units 8, 9, and 10 (complete) Flashcards
Describes how you are going to measure water quality and ensure measurements answer the right questions and will communicate to others what you are trying to accomplish.
ESAM PLAN
The purpose of an Environmental Sampling, Analysis, and Monitoring (ESAM) plan is to ensure compliance with the ____________________ and other Air Force requirements.
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
What is the “where” that the ESAM Plan should provide?
The locations measurements will be taken:
o Sampling locations should be described with enough detail so they can be found during future sampling events.
o Sampling locations should be selected so they achieve the goals of the plan.
A local _______________ is developed giving specific guidance on how to conduct the Drinking Water Program at that installation detailing the following:
Schedule for routine monitoring
Monitoring of aircraft watering points
Increased monitoring during contingencies or increased Force Protection Condition (FPCON)
Repeat and investigative sampling during violations
OPERATING INSTRUCTION (OI)
On an ESAM Plan, procedures for violations of maximum contaminant levels are developed in coordination with the ____________________.
Environmental Protection Committee (EPC)
How often does BE (in cooperation with CE) develop and update an installation-specific ESAM Plan?
ANNUALLY
The overall map that details the entire sampling process from beginning to end.
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Liquids that are sparingly soluble in water; they do not mix with water.
NON-AQUEOUS LIQUIDS
Routine sampling is typically conducted for _______________ water systems.
POTABLE
You will not need to develop a new strategy for routine sampling because it is part of a water-monitoring plan already in place and is focused on _______________ sampling.
BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING
New sampling strategies are required in _______________ environments, such as deployed environments or where potential areas of contamination require investigation outside of routine surveillance.
HIGH-THREAT ENVIRONMENTS
Before any other aspect of a sampling strategy can be determined, the sampling _______________ must be clearly identified.
OBJECTIVE
A fundamental consideration when developing your liquid or water sampling strategy is to determine each __________________________________ for which you are sampling.
POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT OF CONCERN (COC)
When sampling in garrison based on an established sampling program, _______________ that could affect the potability of the water are the primary COCs.
BACTERIA
What are some examples of major contaminants typically found in water? (The study guide lists 9).
- Sediment – such as soil, sand, and debris
- Solids and residues – such as chlorides, sulfates, and iron oxide
- Toxic substances – such as heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, and solvents
- Oil and grease – such as gasoline and fuel oil
- Detergents – such as aircraft, vehicle, and laundry wash waters
- Acids/alkalis – such as metal plating wastes, paint strippers, and dyes
- Nutrients – such as phosphate and potassium from sewage, fertilizers, and detergents
- Organic wastes – such as steroids and plasticizers, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides from sewage, or wastes from food processing, animals, wood and paper mills, and agriculture
- Excessive heat – such as that produced by power plants, nuclear reactors, boilers, and heater dip tanks
The most common types of sampling are _______________ and _______________.
GRAB and COMPOSITE
The type you choose will help to determine the number and frequency of the samples.
An individual sample that characterizes the water quality at a particular time. Multiple are taken at different times or locations to provide information on minimum and maximum concentrations of constituents.
GRAB SAMPLE
A flexible plastic sample container used in field applications for quick, easy, convenient, and costeffective collection of samples. It is used for chemical and radiological potable water analysis.
CUBE CONTAINER (CUBITAINER®)
A puncture-proof plastic bag with tabs and are guaranteed sterile. They are
constructed of durable polyethylene and provide safe, spill-free use for liquid samples.
WHIRL-PAK®
By whirling or tightly folding the tab over three times, the Whirl-Pak® bag becomes a leak proof
sample container. These are used for potable water collection for bacteriological analysis.
Used for obtaining samples at various depths below the surface of water (lakes, ponds, streams, reservoirs, etc.).
BACON BOMBS
Long-handled, polyethylene dippers for collecting samples from lakes, ponds, streams, reservoirs, etc. They are available in various sizes. The appropriate size is determined by the volume of water needed for analysis.
DIPPERS
Used to get samples from specified depths. This piece of sampling equipment is known for its rugged construction. To use this instrument properly, it must be deployed while submerged in the water to be sampled.
KEMMERER BOTTLES
Used to retrieve large water samples from any depth and collect any floating sediments; normally used in deep-water areas.
ALPHA SAMPLER
Used in wells, storage tanks, and other containers. This type of sampler can be used to sample for various chemicals, including volatile organic compounds.
WEIGHTED BOTTLE SAMPLERS
Used to determine the hydrogen ion concentration, residual chlorine content, phosphate content, and other characteristics of water by visually comparing a sample, to which a specified indicator solution has been added, to a color standard.
DPD KIT
Used to make a pH determination—the acidity or alkalinity of water.
PH METER
Most electromechanical pH meters also read the temperature of the water at the same time as testing for pH. The DPD kit can be used, as well as other manual and electromechanical devices.
Able to run tests for over 90 different parameters. It replaces the DPD Kit for most Air Force Installations and is used most often for determining Chlorine (free available and total) and pH determination. Another test you’ll use it for is to test fluoride levels.
DR 900
Can analyze solids, liquids, and paste (compounds with covalent bonds only). It will NOT identify the following:
- Substances with ionic bonds
- Elemental substances such as metals
- Dilute water solutions
- Low concentrations of specific substances in multi-component mixtures.
- Cannot definitively identify biological agents (IDs as protein)
- Gases, vapors, or radiation
HAZMATID ELITE™
The interface is controlled by buttons below the screen and compares samples to materials preloaded in its library. When using the HazMatID Elite™, the following three criteria must be met for a positive identification:
* Pie chart
* Sample and library match VISUALLY
* PHYSICAL properties match
A voltage is applied between the two electrodes immersed in the test solution, and the voltage drop caused by the resistance of the solution is used to calculate its conductivity with this instrument.
CONDUCTIVITY METER
Current is carried by inorganic dissolved solids. Conductivity can be related to the chemical purity of water, the amount of dissolved solids in a solution, and other characteristics.
Designed to detect nerve, blister, cyanide (blood), or lewisite chemical warfare agents in water. An enclosed instruction card enables personnel to conduct all the tests required to identify these threats. Each kit contains enough reagents to conduct tests on 25 separate water samples.
M272 WATER TEST KIT
The ____________________enhances the capabilities of the HAPSITE ER system to provide highly accurate, on-scene analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water.
HEADSPACE SAMPLING SYSTEM
The headspace oven accommodates four standard 40ml bottles.
