BLOCK 2: CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Unit 2: Basic Chemistry (complete)

Question 1

Any substance that has mass and occupies space.

Answer 1

MATTER

Question 2

The quantity of matter in a particular body.

Answer 2

MASS

Question 3

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container.

Answer 3

VOLUME

Question 4

The mass of a substance occupying a unit volume. Expressed as the mass divided by
the volume: d = m/v

Answer 4

DENSITY

Question 5

The number of protons added to the number of neutrons of an atom.

Answer 5

ATOMIC MASS NUMBER

Question 6

The average weight of all naturally occurring forms of the element.

Answer 6

ATOMIC WEIGHT

Question 7

Refers to the number of protons in a nucleus. This value determines the actual element of the atom.

Answer 7

ATOMIC NUMBER

Question 8

A weak acid or base that tends to resist pH change.

Answer 8

BUFFER

Question 9

A carbon-based compound.

Answer 9

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Question 10

A homogeneous mixture involving two or more pure substances. Its composition can be varied within certain limits.

Answer 10

SOLUTION

Question 11

A substance dissolved in a solution.

Answer 11

SOLUTE

It is usually present in less quantity than the
solvent.

Question 12

The dissolving substance in a solution.

Answer 12

SOLVENT

It is usually present in greater quantity than the solute.

Question 13

What are the 3 physical states of matter?

Answer 13

SOLID; LIQUID; GAS

Question 14

Any pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances.

Answer 14

COMPOUND

Question 15

Any pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances; its atoms all have the same atomic number.

Answer 15

ELEMENT

Question 16

Heterogeneous matter composed of two or more pure substances, each of which retains its identity and specific properties.

Answer 16

MIXTURES

Question 17

The smallest particle of an element that possesses the chemical properties of that element.

Answer 17

ATOM

Question 18

The three parts of an atom are __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 18

PROTON, NEUTRON, and ELECTRON

Question 19

Abbreviated “p” or “p+”, has a positive electrical charge (+1) and a mass of approximately 1 amu. The number of which is called the atomic number – this number determines what the element is.

Answer 19

PROTON

Question 20

The protons and neutrons are found in the __________ of the atom.

Answer 20

NUCLEUS

Question 21

The total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom is called the __________.

Answer 21

MASS NUMBER

Question 22

abbreviated “n” or “n0”, which has no electrical charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.

Answer 22

NEUTRON

Question 23

abbreviated “e-,” has a negative electrical charge (-1) and a mass of 0.0005486 amu (which is considered negligible for most practical purposes). They exist in orbit around the nucleus.

Answer 23

ELECTRON

Question 24

The __________ is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

Answer 24

ATOMIC NUMBER

Question 25

The number of electrons in a **neutral** atom is __________ to the number of protons. a.) lesser b.) equal c.) greater

Answer 25

EQUAL Protons are positive, and in an atom that is neutral, the number of negative electrons will be the same.

Question 26

The number of neutrons is equal to the __________between the mass number of the atom (M) and the atomic number (Z). a.) sum b.) difference

Answer 26

DIFFERENCE The number of neutrons will be the atomic number (how many protons) subtracted from the mass (how many protons and neutrons in nucleus).

Question 27

Columns on the periodic table that have the same valence electron configuration and behave in the same chemical manner.

Answer 27

GROUP

Question 28

Rows on the periodic table that have the same number of electron shells (valence electrons).

Answer 28

PERIODS As you move down to lower periods, the energy level of the atom increases.

Question 29

**TRUE OR FALSE** The periodic table is designed in a way to provide the ability to predict the chemical properties of an element *based on its location* within the table.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

**TRUE OR FALSE** Mass Number = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Electrons)

Answer 30

FALSE Mass Number = (Number of Protons) + (Number of **Neutrons**) Electrons aren't typically factored into the atomic mass, since their mass is negligible in most cases (they are considerably smaller than protons or neutrons). The mass is determined by the make up of the nucleus - protons and neutrons.

Question 31

Adding or removing neutrons from an atom does not create a different element. Rather, it creates a heavier or lighter version of that element. These different versions are called __________.

Answer 31

ISOTOPES

Question 32

As an atom gains or loses electrons, its charge will change, creating __________.

Answer 32

IONS

Question 33

Any substance that increases the concentration of *hydrogen* ion in a solution.

Answer 33

ACID

Question 34

Any substance that increases the concentration of *hydroxide* ions in a solution.

Answer 34

BASE