BLOCK 2: CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Unit 2: Basic Chemistry (complete) Flashcards
Any substance that has mass and occupies space.
MATTER
The quantity of matter in a particular body.
MASS
The amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container.
VOLUME
The mass of a substance occupying a unit volume. Expressed as the mass divided by
the volume: d = m/v
DENSITY
The number of protons added to the number of neutrons of an atom.
ATOMIC MASS NUMBER
The average weight of all naturally occurring forms of the element.
ATOMIC WEIGHT
Refers to the number of protons in a nucleus. This value determines the actual element of the atom.
ATOMIC NUMBER
A weak acid or base that tends to resist pH change.
BUFFER
A carbon-based compound.
ORGANIC COMPOUND
A homogeneous mixture involving two or more pure substances. Its composition can be varied within certain limits.
SOLUTION
A substance dissolved in a solution.
SOLUTE
It is usually present in less quantity than the
solvent.
The dissolving substance in a solution.
SOLVENT
It is usually present in greater quantity than the solute.
What are the 3 physical states of matter?
SOLID; LIQUID; GAS
Any pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances.
COMPOUND
Any pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances; its atoms all have the same atomic number.
ELEMENT
Heterogeneous matter composed of two or more pure substances, each of which retains its identity and specific properties.
MIXTURES
The smallest particle of an element that possesses the chemical properties of that element.
ATOM
The three parts of an atom are __________, __________, and __________.
PROTON, NEUTRON, and ELECTRON
Abbreviated “p” or “p+”, has a positive electrical charge (+1) and a mass of approximately 1 amu. The number of which is called the atomic number – this number determines what the element is.
PROTON
The protons and neutrons are found in the __________ of the atom.
NUCLEUS
The total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom is called the __________.
MASS NUMBER
abbreviated “n” or “n0”, which has no electrical charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
NEUTRON
abbreviated “e-,” has a negative electrical charge (-1) and a mass of 0.0005486 amu (which is considered negligible for most practical purposes). They exist in orbit around the nucleus.
ELECTRON
The __________ is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
ATOMIC NUMBER
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is __________ to the number of protons.
a.) lesser
b.) equal
c.) greater
EQUAL
Protons are positive, and in an atom that is neutral, the number of negative electrons will be the same.
The number of neutrons is equal to the __________between the mass number of the atom (M) and the atomic number (Z).
a.) sum
b.) difference
DIFFERENCE
The number of neutrons will be the atomic number (how many protons) subtracted from the mass (how many protons and neutrons in nucleus).
Columns on the periodic table that have the same valence electron configuration and behave in the same chemical manner.
GROUP
Rows on the periodic table that have the same number of electron shells (valence electrons).
PERIODS
As you move down to lower periods, the energy level of the atom increases.
TRUE OR FALSE
The periodic table is designed in a way to provide the ability to predict the chemical properties of an element based on its location within the table.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Mass Number = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Electrons)
FALSE
Mass Number = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Neutrons)
Electrons aren’t typically factored into the atomic mass, since their mass is negligible in most cases (they are considerably smaller than protons or neutrons). The mass is determined by the make up of the nucleus - protons and neutrons.
Adding or removing neutrons from an atom does not create a different element. Rather, it creates a heavier or lighter version of that element. These different versions are called __________.
ISOTOPES
As an atom gains or loses electrons, its charge will change, creating __________.
IONS
Any substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution.
ACID
Any substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
BASE
