BLOCK 2: CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology (complete) Flashcards
The science dealing with the structure of the body and the relation of its parts; the study of the form and arrangement of the body parts.
ANATOMY
The science dealing with the function of the living organism and its parts; the study of how the body and its parts work.
PHYSIOLOGY
The basic structural and functional unit of
living organisms.
CELLS
The adult human body
contains approximately 75 trillion cells. Cells differ in size and shape; however, they all have a common structure. The cell has three basic parts: the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the cell membrane.
Located near the center of the cell; it is responsible for directing all cellular activity – serving as the “brain” of the cell.
NUCLEUS
The nucleus determines how the cell will function, as
well as the basic structure of that cell. Within each nucleus are protein structures called
chromosomes.
With the exception of the nucleus, the __________ contains all of the living substances of the cell.
CYTOPLASM
It is a clear liquid that is alive with constant cellular activity. All the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
The outermost layer of the cell. It serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment.
CELL MEMBRANE
The membrane is composed mainly of lipids and proteins.
Embedded within this membrane are a variety of other molecules that act as channels and pumps which allow for the movement of different molecules in and out of the cell.
The series of changes that occurs within a cell from the time it is first formed until it reproduces.
CELL LIFE CYCLE
The life cycle is the process involving the growth of a cell until it divides and becomes two new cells.
The process by which new cells are formed for growth, repair, and replacement in the body.
CELL DIVISION
This process includes division of the nuclear material and division of the cytoplasm.
Groups of cells that have similar structure and function.
TISSUES
The 4 types of tissues are _____, _____, _____, and _____.
EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, AND NERVOUS
An organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform a special function.
ORGAN
A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions for the body.
ORGAN SYSTEM
Type of tissue that forms the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
In its role as an interface tissue, epithelium performs a variety of functions which include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.
Type of tissue that is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues. Its major functions include binding and support, protection, insulation, and as blood, transportation of
substances within the body.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Whereas all other primary tissues are composed mainly of cells, connective tissues are largely nonliving extracellular matrix, which separates, the living cells of the tissue.
Because of its matrix, connective tissue is able to bear weight, withstand great tension, and endure abuses – such as physical trauma and abrasion – that no other tissue would be able to tolerate.
Type of tissue that is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.
MUSCULAR TISSUE
This tissue is highly cellular and is well supplied with blood vessels. The cells are long and slender, so they sometimes are called muscle fibers, and these are usually arranged in bundles or layers that are surrounded by connective tissue.
Type of tissue that is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.
NERVOUS TISSUE
It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning. To do all these things, cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate with each other by way of electrical nerve impulses.
active recall
What are the 11 Organ Systems?
- Skeletal system
- Integumentary system
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Cardiovascular system
- Lymphatic system
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
Name the Organ System:
Sturdy internal frame; consists of bones,
cartilage, ligaments, and tendons and accounts for about 20 percent of a body’s weight.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Name the Organ System:
Made up of the skin, sweat and oil glands, hair and nails.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Name the Organ System:
Works with the skeletal system to provide movement and support.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Name the Organ System:
The major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body.
It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory. Together with the endocrine system, it is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Name the Organ System:
Along with the nervous system, functions in the regulation of body activities. Acts through chemical messengers called hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolic activities.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Name the Organ System:
Sometimes called the blood-vascular system or simply the circulatory system. It consists of the heart and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Name the Organ System:
Consists of a fluid (lymph), vessels that transport the lymph, and organs that contain lymphoid tissue. Has three primary functions. First of all, it returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood. Secondly, it absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and transports this substance to the venous circulation. Lastly and probably the most familiar function is defense against invading microorganisms and disease.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
