BLOCK 2: CHEMICAL HAZARDS - Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology (complete)

Question 1

The science dealing with the structure of the body and the relation of its parts; the study of the form and arrangement of the body parts.

Answer 1

ANATOMY

Question 2

The science dealing with the function of the living organism and its parts; the study of how the body and its parts work.

Answer 2

PHYSIOLOGY

Question 3

The basic structural and functional unit of
living organisms.

Answer 3

CELLS

The adult human body
contains approximately 75 trillion cells. Cells differ in size and shape; however, they all have a common structure. The cell has three basic parts: the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the cell membrane.

Question 4

Located near the center of the cell; it is responsible for directing all cellular activity – serving as the “brain” of the cell.

Answer 4

NUCLEUS

The nucleus determines how the cell will function, as
well as the basic structure of that cell. Within each nucleus are protein structures called
chromosomes.

Question 5

With the exception of the nucleus, the __________ contains all of the living substances of the cell.

Answer 5

CYTOPLASM

It is a clear liquid that is alive with constant cellular activity. All the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 6

The outermost layer of the cell. It serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment.

Answer 6

CELL MEMBRANE

The membrane is composed mainly of lipids and proteins.
Embedded within this membrane are a variety of other molecules that act as channels and pumps which allow for the movement of different molecules in and out of the cell.

Question 7

The series of changes that occurs within a cell from the time it is first formed until it reproduces.

Answer 7

CELL LIFE CYCLE

The life cycle is the process involving the growth of a cell until it divides and becomes two new cells.

Question 8

The process by which new cells are formed for growth, repair, and replacement in the body.

Answer 8

CELL DIVISION

This process includes division of the nuclear material and division of the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Groups of cells that have similar structure and function.

Answer 9

TISSUES

Question 10

The 4 types of tissues are _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 10

EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, AND NERVOUS

Question 11

An organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform a special function.

Answer 11

ORGAN

Question 12

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions for the body.

Answer 12

ORGAN SYSTEM

Question 13

Type of tissue that forms the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.

Answer 13

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

In its role as an interface tissue, epithelium performs a variety of functions which include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

Question 14

Type of tissue that is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues. Its major functions include binding and support, protection, insulation, and as blood, transportation of
substances within the body.

Answer 14

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Whereas all other primary tissues are composed mainly of cells, connective tissues are largely nonliving extracellular matrix, which separates, the living cells of the tissue.
Because of its matrix, connective tissue is able to bear weight, withstand great tension, and endure abuses – such as physical trauma and abrasion – that no other tissue would be able to tolerate.

Question 15

Type of tissue that is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.

Answer 15

MUSCULAR TISSUE

This tissue is highly cellular and is well supplied with blood vessels. The cells are long and slender, so they sometimes are called muscle fibers, and these are usually arranged in bundles or layers that are surrounded by connective tissue.

Question 16

Type of tissue that is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.

Answer 16

NERVOUS TISSUE

It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning. To do all these things, cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate with each other by way of electrical nerve impulses.

Question 17

active recall

What are the 11 Organ Systems?

Answer 17

• Skeletal system
• Integumentary system
• Muscular system
• Nervous system
• Endocrine system
• Cardiovascular system
• Lymphatic system
• Respiratory system
• Digestive system
• Urinary system
• Reproductive system

Question 18

Name the Organ System:

Sturdy internal frame; consists of bones,
cartilage, ligaments, and tendons and accounts for about 20 percent of a body’s weight.

Answer 18

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 19

Name the Organ System:

Made up of the skin, sweat and oil glands, hair and nails.

Answer 19

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 20

Name the Organ System:

Works with the skeletal system to provide movement and support.

Answer 20

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Question 21

Name the Organ System:

The major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body.
It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory. Together with the endocrine system, it is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.

Answer 21

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 22

Name the Organ System:

Along with the nervous system, functions in the regulation of body activities. Acts through chemical messengers called hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolic activities.

Answer 22

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 23

Name the Organ System:

Sometimes called the blood-vascular system or simply the circulatory system. It consists of the heart and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Answer 23

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 24

Name the Organ System:

Consists of a fluid (lymph), vessels that transport the lymph, and organs that contain lymphoid tissue. Has three primary functions. First of all, it returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood. Secondly, it absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and transports this substance to the venous circulation. Lastly and probably the most familiar function is defense against invading microorganisms and disease.

Answer 24

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 25

Name the Organ System:

Works with the circulatory system to provide this oxygen and to remove the waste products of metabolism. It also helps to regulate pH of the blood.

Answer 25

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 26

Name the Organ System:

Includes the digestive tract and its accessory organs, which process food into molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body.

Answer 26

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive tract, also called the gastrointestinal tract, consists of a long
continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. It includes the mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus. The tongue and teeth are accessory structures located in the mouth. The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are major accessory organs that have a role in digestion. These organs secrete fluids into the digestive tract.

Question 27

Name the Organ System:

Maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits. One aspect of this function is to rid the body of waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular metabolism. Other aspects of its function include regulating the concentrations of various electrolytes in the body fluids and maintaining normal pH of the blood.

Answer 27

URINARY SYSTEM

Question 28

Name the Organ System:

Is devoted completely to the reproduction of offspring; ensures the survival of the species.

Answer 28

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Question 29

3 major layers of the Integumentary System

Answer 29

-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Subcutaneous Tissue

Question 30

Layer of the Integumentary System:

Has several layers. Cells in the outer layers are dead and dying while those in the deeper layers are alive and constantly dividing. Some nerve endings are located in the lower layer of the epidermis, which is not supplied with blood vessels.

Answer 30

EPIDERMIS

epi- “over; upon” refers to the topmost layer

Question 31

Layer of the Integumentary System:

A tough, leathery inner layer that contains the nerve cells, blood cells, and hair follicles. Contains arterioles and a meshwork of capillaries that supply oxygen and nutrients to this layer and the layer above it.

Answer 31

DERMIS

derm- “skin”

Question 32

Layer of the Integumentary System:

Below the dermis; consists mainly of fatty and connective tissue and serves as a connector to internal body structures.

Answer 32

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

sub- “under; below”
cut- “skin”
derm- “skin”

Question 33

Identify this part of the cell:

Answer 33

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 34

Identify this part of the cell:

Answer 34

NUCLEUS

Question 35

Identify this part of the cell:

Answer 35

CYTOPLASM